Fig. 1

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and the host’s immune responses. The bolded (+) signs and bolded (−) signs represent genes upregulated and downregulated, respectively, when pigs fed with control diet. Genes with gray color did not have information from the gene chip (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA), and genes with black color were not affected by PRRSV at d 14 post inoculation. A2M: alpha-2-macroglobulin; Akt: protein kinase B; AP-1: activator protein 1; C5: complement component 5; CASP: caspase, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase; CCL: C-C motif ligand; CCR: chemokine (C-C motif) receptor; CD: cluster of differentiation; CXCR: chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor; HSP: heat shock protein; IFI30: interferon, gamma-inducible protein 30; IFIT: interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide; IFN: interferon; IFNGR: interferon gamma receptor 1; IKK: IkB kinase; IKKi: inducible IkB kinase; IL7R: interleukin 7 receptor; IL13RA1: interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1; IPS-1: an adaptor triggering RIG-1; IRAK: interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase; IRF: interferon regulatory factor; JAK: Janus kinase; KLRK: killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; MyD88: myeloid differentiation factor 88; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; OAS1: 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1; PI3K: phosphoinositide-3-kinase; PPBP: pro-platelet basic protein; PSMB10: proteasome subunit beta 10; RIG: retinoic acid-inducible gene; STAT: signal transducers and activators of transcription; TBK1: TANK-binding kinase; TGF: transforming growth factor; TLR: toll like receptor; TNFA: tumor necrosis factor-α. Feeding plant extracts had several effects counter (P < 0.05) to those of PRRSV. Capsicum oleoresin: A2M, CCL21, CCR2, CD3D, HSP70, HSP90AA1, and IL1A; Garlic botanical: C5, CCL21, HSP70, HSP90AA1, IFIT1, IFIT2, IL1A, MHC1, and PPBP; Turmeric oleoresin: C5, CASP3, CASP8, CCL21, IFI30, IFIT2, IL1A, JAK2, PSMB10, and TLR8. See online version for figure in color