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Table 1 Composition of the basal total mixed rations used as experimental diets during dry period and lactation

From: Effects of supplementation of green tea extract on the milk performance of peripartal dairy cows and the expression of stress response genes in the liver

 

Dry period (week 3 a.p. – calving)

Lactation (calving – week 7 p.p.)

Component, % of DM

 Corn silage

37.8

18.3

 Grass silage

37.7

24.4

 Concentrate1

14.1

34.6

 Hay

6.9

4.1

 Straw

2.3

2.8

 Pressed sugar beet pulp

–

14.5

 Urea

0.5

–

 Vitamin and mineral premix2

0.8

–

 Fat

–

0.9

 Sodium hydrogen carbonate

–

0.4

Energy and nutrient contents

 Net energy for lactation, MJ/kg DM

6.4

7.0

 Crude fibre, % of DM

20.6

17.5

 NDF, % of DM

38.2

33.3

 ADF, % of DM

22.3

21.0

 Crude protein, % of DM

13.2

17.1

 Available crude protein, % of DM3

13.8

15.7

 Ruminal N balance, g/kg3,4

−1.0

2.3

  1. 1 Concentrate (Raiffeisen Waren-Zentrale Rhein-Main, Köln, Germany) consisted of (% of dry matter): rapeseed meal, 25.0; soybean meal, 22.5; corn, 17.7; barley, 15.8; soybean hulls, 12.2; melasses, 1.7; mineral mix, 1.9; urea, 1.1; sodium chloride, 1.0; fat, 0.8; calcium carbonate, 0.3. The mineral mix provided (per kg concentrate): Sodium, 1.52 g; magnesium, 0.95 g; calcium, 3.42 g; phosphorus, 0.67 g; iron, 0.57 mg; manganese, 95 mg; zinc, 152 mg; copper, 38 mg; iodine 1.9 mg; cobalt, 1.52 mg; selenium, 0.95 mg; vitamin A, 22,800 IU; vitamin D, 2850 IU; vitamin E, 114 mg
  2. 2 The vitamin and mineral premix (Rindamin K11 ATG; Schaumann, Pinneberg, Germany) provides per kg TMR: Calcium, 0,36 g; phosphorus, 0,36 g; sodium, 0.36 g; magnesium, 0.4 g; zinc, 28 mg; manganese, 17 mg; copper, 6.0 mg; cobalt, 0.24 mg; iodine, 0.8 mg; selenium, 0.21 mg; vitamin A, 4,000 IU; vitamin D, 600 IU; vitamin E, 20 mg
  3. 3Calculated according to GfE [18]
  4. 4Ruminal N balance = (crude protein – available protein)/6.25