| Treatment2 | SEM | P-value3 |
---|
 | LAA-C | LAA-GG | LAA-LG | HAA-C | HAA-GG | HAA-LG |  | GG | LG | AA | GG × AA | LG × AA |
---|
Total milk | 25.1 | 24.9 | 24.5 | 28.6 | 29.5 | 28.8 | 1.58 | 0.61 | 0.69 | < 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.54 |
Fat | 1.09 | 0.96 | 1.23 | 1.16 | 1.04 | 1.30 | 0.053 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.94 | 0.98 |
 Fatty acids4 |
De novo | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.018 | 0.88 | 0.02 | < 0.01 | 0.68 | 0.77 |
 Preformed | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.51 | 0.40 | 0.26 | 0.53 | 0.025 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.72 | 0.98 |
 Mixed | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.022 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.51 | 0.78 | 0.83 |
Protein | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 0.047 | 0.70 | 0.28 | < 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.51 |
Lactose | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.30 | 1.34 | 1.31 | 0.075 | 0.54 | 0.79 | < 0.01 | 0.59 | 0.62 |
- 1Data are least squares means from the final 3 d of infusion (see Nichols et al. [19] for further details)
- 2LAA-C, 0.9% saline; LAA-GG, 1319 g/d glucose; LAA-LG, 676 g/d palm olein; HAA-C, 844 g/d of a complete EAA mixture in the same profile and amount as found in 1.5 kg casein; HAA-GG, 1319 g/d glucose + 844 g/d EAA; HAA-LG, 676 g/d palm olein + 844 g/d EAA. Infusions of LAA-GG, LAA-LG, and HAA-C supplied 20.5 MJ/d, and HAA-GG and HAA-LG supplied 41.0 MJ/d. For all treatments n = 6
- 3GG = effect of energy from glucose; LG = effect of energy from fat; AA = effect of protein level
- 4Calculated using milk fat yield and individual milk fatty acid (FA) weight proportions presented by Nichols et al. [19] to determine yield on a mass basis using the average proportion of FA in milk (93.7 g/100 g) derived from individual FA molecular weight and corrected for the glycerol portion of triacyglycerides and other milk lipid classes according to Glasser et al. [28]. De novo-synthesized FA (< 16 carbons) originate from mammary de novo synthesis, performed FA (> 16 carbons) originate from mammary plasma extraction, mixed FA (16 carbons) originate from both de novo-synthesized and preformed FA