Determination of the available energy values and amino acid digestibility of Flammulina velutipes stem waste and its effects on carcass trait and meat quality fed to growing-finishing pigs

Liu, Xuzhou; Zhang, Bo; Liu, Hansuo; Zhang, Gang; Zhao, Jinbiao; Liu, Ling; Piao, Xiangshu; Song, Hui; Zhang, Shuai; Li, Yu

doi:10.1186/s40104-020-00449-y

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Table 3 Ingredients and calculated nutrient levels of the experimental diets used in Exp. 3 (%, as-fed basis)^a

From: Determination of the available energy values and amino acid digestibility of Flammulina velutipes stem waste and its effects on carcass trait and meat quality fed to growing-finishing pigs

Item	Growing phase: 50 to 75 kg			Growing-finishing phase: 75 to 100 kg			Finishing phase: 100 to 135 kg
Item	Control	2.5% FVS	5% FVS	Control	2.5% FVS	5% FVS	Control	2.5% FVS	5% FVS
Ingredients
Corn	77.89	74.24	70.65	78.74	75.08	71.35	79.49	75.86	72.24
Soybean meal	18.00	18.00	18.00	18.00	18.00	18.00	18.00	18.00	18.00
FVS	–	2.50	5.00	–	2.50	5.00	–	2.50	5.00
Soybean oil	0.58	1.74	2.86	0.24	1.40	2.60	–	1.14	2.30
Dicalcium phosphate	1.18	1.18	1.18	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.66	0.66	0.66
Limestone	0.73	0.69	0.66	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.67	0.65	0.60
Sodium chloride	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35
L-Lysine·HCl	0.34	0.35	0.35	0.19	0.19	0.20	0.03	0.04	0.04
DL-Methionine	0.02	0.03	0.03	–	–	0.01	–	–	0.01
L-Threonine	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.03	0.03	0.04	–	–	–
L-Tryptophan	0.02	0.02	0.02	–	–	–	–	–	–
Chromic oxide	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Vitamin mineral premix^b	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Analyzed nutrient levels
Dry matter	87.04	86.89	87.41	86.68	86.88	87.16	86.68	86.80	86.87
Crude protein	13.70	14.08	13.89	13.40	13.49	11.18	11.92	13.28	13.85
Gross energy, MJ/kg	16.03	16.29	16.56	15.90	16.20	16.45	15.87	16.13	16.37
Ash	4.20	4.36	4.49	3.84	4.14	4.48	3.75	3.78	4.43
Ether extract	2.08	3.63	4.29	2.55	4.27	4.00	3.19	3.70	3.77
Neutral detergent fiber	10.99	11.17	13.55	11.47	10.26	11.86	10.42	12.33	13.17
Acid detergent fiber	3.64	4.27	5.41	3.85	4.05	5.08	3.65	4.40	4.69
Calculated nutrient levels^c
ME, MJ/kg	14.05	14.04	14.03	14.05	14.04	14.03	14.07	14.05	14.05
SID Lys	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.73	0.73	0.73	0.61	0.61	0.61
SID Met	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22
SID Thr	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.43	0.43	0.43
SID Trp	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13
ME/CP	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.98	0.99	0.98	0.98
SID Lys/ME	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04
SID Lys/SID Met	3.55	3.48	3.52	3.32	3.36	3.29	2.75	2.81	2.72
SID Lys/SID Thr	1.63	1.62	1.63	1.58	1.59	1.58	1.40	1.42	1.43
SID Lys/SID Trp	5.55	5.57	5.55	5.48	5.45	5.48	4.54	4.57	4.55

^aCP Crude protein, FVS Flammulina velutipes stem waste, Lys Lysine, ME Metabolizable energy, Met Methionine, SID Standardized ileal digestible, Thr Threonine, Trp Tryptophan
^bVitamin mineral premix provided the following quantities per kg of diet: vitamin A, 6000 IU; vitamin D₃, 2400 IU; vitamin E, 20 IU; vitamin K₃, 2 mg; vitamin B_1, 0.96 mg, vitamin B₂, 4 mg, vitamin B₆, 2 mg, vitamin B₁₂, 12 μg; pantothenic acid, 11.2 mg; niacin, 22 mg; choline chloride, 80 mg; folacin, 0.4 mg; biotin, 40 μg; Mn, 12 mg (MnO); Fe, 76 mg (FeSO₄·H₂O); Zn, 76 mg (ZnO); Cu, 120 mg (CuSO₄·5H₂O); I, 0.24 mg (KI); Se, 0.40 mg (Na₂SeO₃)
^cThese values were calculated from data provided in Exp. 1 and 2

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ISSN: 2049-1891

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