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Table 7 The effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) to low-protein diets on the hepatic balance of AAs (mg/kg/h), NH3 (μmol/kg/h), and urea (mmol/kg/h) in pigs*

From: Effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate to low-protein diets on nitrogen balance and amino acid metabolism in the portal-drained viscera and liver of pigs

Items

Treatments

SEM

P

Control

LP

LP-DCA

Lys

4.90a

4.48a

2.94b

0.09

<.001

Met

1.97a

1.73b

1.17c

0.05

<.001

Thr

3.97a

3.59a

2.46b

0.15

<.001

Trp

2.07a

1.44b

1.33b

0.02

<.001

Arg

4.99a

4.81a

3.32b

0.08

<.001

His

3.19a

3.06a

1.75b

0.06

<.001

Ile

3.69a

3.11b

2.08c

0.06

<.001

Leu

3.27a

2.83b

1.99c

0.09

0.002

Phe

3.23a

3.04a

1.80b

0.08

<.001

Val

2.23a

2.04a

1.47b

0.08

<.001

Pro

3.50a

2.53b

2.68b

0.05

<.001

Asn

2.87a

1.71b

2.56ab

0.12

0.015

Ser

1.05a

−1.69c

0.77b

0.11

<.001

Gln

−14.9a

−20.8b

−16.1a

0.66

<.001

Gly

14.6a

13.2b

8.77c

0.18

<.001

Ala

16.5a

14.1b

10.6c

0.14

<.001

Cys

1.22a

−0.63c

0.18b

0.09

<.001

Tyr

2.23a

0.97c

1.05b

0.09

<.001

EAAs

33.5a

30.1b

20.3c

0.74

<.001

NEAAs

27.1a

9.41c

10.5b

1.01

<.001

TAAs

60.6a

39.5b

30.8c

1.71

<.001

NH3

69.8a

50.8b

40.4c

2.13

<.001

Urea

−2.06a

−1.50b

−1.13c

0.02

<.001

  1. Data are presented as means (n = 5)
  2. Abbreviations: Control 18.0% CP, CP Crude protein, DM Dry matter, EAAs Essential amino acids, NEAAs Non-essential amino acids, LP 13.5% CP, LP-DCA 13.5% CP + 100 mg DCA/kg DM, SEM Standard error of mean, TAAs Total amino acids
  3. *A positive value means the amount of nitrogen-containing compound leaving the liver is less than that entering the liver; a negative value means the amount of nitrogen-containing compound leaving the liver is greater than that entering the liver
  4. a,b,cValues within a row with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)