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Table 4 The effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) to low-protein diets on the concentrations of amino acids (mg/dL), NH3 (μmol/L), and urea (mmol/L) in the portal vein, hepatic artery, and hepatic vein of 40-kg pigs

From: Effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate to low-protein diets on nitrogen balance and amino acid metabolism in the portal-drained viscera and liver of pigs

Items

Portal vein

SEM

P

Hepatic artery

SEM

P

Hepatic vein

SEM

P

Control

LP

LP-DCA

Control

LP

LP-DCA

Control

LP

LP-DCA

Lys

3.30

2.93

3.15

0.07

0.076

2.42

2.14

2.32

0.06

0.071

2.88

2.57

2.87

0.08

0.058

Met

1.39a

1.18b

1.32ab

0.03

0.023

1.00a

0.86b

0.96ab

0.03

0.049

1.22a

1.03b

1.20a

0.03

0.012

Thr

3.97a

3.55b

3.86a

0.09

0.028

3.22

2.91

3.15

0.09

0.100

3.65

3.25

3.63

0.11

0.054

Trp

0.64

0.56

0.59

0.01

0.068

0.45

0.40

0.44

0.01

0.077

0.50

0.46

0.51

0.01

0.053

Arg

2.95a

2.56b

2.80ab

0.06

0.024

2.21

1.98

2.11

0.06

0.130

2.55a

2.21b

2.53a

0.06

0.026

His

2.08a

1.74b

1.94ab

0.04

0.014

1.63

1.43

1.51

0.04

0.087

1.83a

1.53b

1.78a

0.04

0.009

Ile

2.32a

1.97b

2.16ab

0.08

0.026

1.51a

1.30b

1.40ab

0.04

0.038

1.98a

1.69b

1.93a

0.05

0.013

Leu

3.48a

3.07b

3.29ab

0.07

0.024

2.50

2.26

2.41

0.07

0.157

3.12

2.79

3.05

0.08

0.057

Phe

2.77a

2.37b

2.60ab

0.06

0.018

1.99

1.78

1.89

0.05

0.136

2.45a

2.11b

2.38ab

0.06

0.030

Val

2.22a

1.93b

2.12ab

0.06

0.024

1.86

1.64

1.79

0.05

0.092

2.04a

1.78b

2.00a

0.05

0.040

Pro

1.86a

1.54b

1.78a

0.04

0.002

1.44

1.28

1.41

0.04

0.143

1.60a

1.37b

1.59a

0.04

0.017

Asn

3.30a

2.94b

3.16ab

0.07

0.046

2.81

2.55

2.72

0.07

0.167

3.06

2.78

2.97

0.07

0.116

Ser

2.15a

1.66b

2.01a

0.04

<.001

1.86a

1.53b

1.78a

0.05

0.004

2.04a

1.72b

1.94ab

0.05

0.019

Gln

4.52a

3.94b

4.35a

0.09

0.008

4.87

4.57

4.77

0.13

0.429

5.32

5.10

5.25

0.13

0.780

Gly

5.56a

4.95b

4.57b

0.11

<.001

3.35

3.22

3.25

0.09

0.660

4.39a

3.98b

3.93b

0.10

0.018

Ala

5.88a

5.10b

4.69b

0.11

<.001

3.50

3.32

3.30

0.09

0.300

4.59a

4.07b

3.92b

0.11

0.007

Cys

1.94a

1.66b

1.82ab

0.06

0.016

1.63a

1.39b

1.52ab

0.04

0.016

1.84

1.63

1.79

0.04

0.219

Tyr

2.29a

1.98b

2.18ab

0.07

0.016

2.03

1.82

1.95

0.05

0.173

2.13

1.90

2.10

0.05

0.175

EAAs

25.1a

21.9b

24.1ab

0.63

0.017

18.8

16.7

18.0

0.49

0.103

22.3a

19.5b

21.9a

0.54

0.037

NEAAs

27.5a

23.6b

24.9ab

0.66

0.013

21.5

19.7

20.7

0.57

0.257

25.0

22.6

23.5

0.59

0.103

TAAs

52.6a

45.5b

49.0ab

1.19

0.018

40.3

36.35

38.7

1.06

0.166

47.2

42.0

45.4

1.13

0.075

NH3

93.7a

80.2b

69.7c

2.42

<.001

44.5

45.0

41.4

1.26

0.292

49.3

48.0

44.0

1.38

0.083

Urea

7.70

7.68

7.12

0.17

0.722

7.93

7.90

6.91

0.22

0.310

8.76

8.48

7.63

0.21

0.163

  1. Data are presented as means (n = 5)
  2. Abbreviations: CP Crude protein, DM Dry matter, EAAs Essential amino acids, NEAAs Non-essential amino acids, LP 13.5% CP, LP-DCA 13.5% CP + 100 mg DCA/kg DM, SEM Standard error of mean, TAAs Total amino acids
  3. a,b,c Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)