Table 1 List of differentially expressed genes mentioned in the main text

Milk protein composition

CSN1S1

−8.17

1.31E-28

−8.03

8.28E-28

CSN1S2

−8.00

1.83E-18

−8.18

1.50E-19

CSN2

−7.24

5.06E-15

−7.23

9.68E-15

CSN3

−5.16

2.76E-11

−5.12

4.67E-11

LALBA

−9.53

3.72E-24

−9.47

8.10E-26

PAEP

−4.67

8.16E-20

−4.41

1.61E-22

Regulator of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism

IRS1

−1.85

1.60E-11

–

–

Fatty acid synthesis

ACACA

−3.10

3.26E-36

− 2.69

1.31E-39

FASN

−4.46

4.34E-43

−4.06

5.25E-47

Triglyceride synthesis

GPAM

−5.35

5.03E-23

−5.47

2.35E-17

AGPAT1

−2.18

1.66E-23

−1.96

7.68E-27

AGPAT4

−1.94

2.12E-02

−2.08

8.48E-03

GPAT2

–

–

−2.80

3.49E-04

GPAT4

−2.70

8.24E-19

−2.44

6.98E-35

Cholesterol synthesis

DHCR7

−2.53

1.57E-20

−2.91

1.40E-50

DHCR24

−4.00

1.15E-33

−4.14

3.81E-49

LSS

−1.82

3.88E-19

−2.30

1.60E-40

MSMO1

−2.47

1.01E-22

−2.93

3.50E-31

Sphingolipid synthesis

ORMDL3

−2.24

3.76E-19

−2.16

3.44E-30

OSBPL10

−1.63

6.25E-06

–

–

OSBPL1A

−1.62

4.00E-13

–

–

SPTLC2

−1.73

1.56E-18

–

–

SPTLC3

−1.54

2.92E-06

–

–

Acetate synthesis and fatty acid activation

ACSS2

−2.26

5.04E-26

−2.53

1.57E-31

ACSL1

−1.98

7.21E-09

−1.97

7.05E-13

Fatty acid desaturation

SCD

−6.30

4.75E-32

−6.43

2.17E-23

FADS1

−2.23

5.87E-26

−2.41

4.70E-25

Fatty acid absorption and transportation

CD36

−2.64

5.12E-16

−2.59

6.81E-20

LDLR

−1.72

7.96E-08

−2.37

3.19E-20

FABP3

−5.00

1.93E-09

−5.37

5.60E-12

APOA5

−5.12

3.17E-07

−5.08

8.00E-08

Milk fat globules

BTN1A1

−6.43

1.02E-14

−6.46

5.80E-15

PLIN2

−2.00

6.30E-11

−1.96

7.69E-15

RAB18

−2.65

1.05E-16

−2.32

4.00E-15

MFGE8

−3.84

1.67E-20

−4.09

5.24E-49

Lipolysis

LPL

−5.60

3.33E-30

−5.78

2.29E-47

LIPG

−4.10

7.56E-11

−4.25

1.14E-11

PNLIPRP2

–

–

−2.46

1.12E-02

Transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism

PPARA

−1.63

1.78E-18

–

–

ESR2

−1.62

8.77E-08

–

–

LEP

−4.01

2.11E-04

−5.39

2.39E-08

INSIG1

−4.35

1.29E-31

−5.18

9.72E-79

Transportation of carbohydrates

SLC2A1

−2.18

2.76E-19

−2.00

2.34E-17

SLC35C1

−2.94

1.59E-22

−2.85

8.11E-23

Transportation of amino acids

SLC1A1

−2.14

4.08E-07

−2.01

3.14E-06

SLC1A5

−2.29

3.79E-09

−2.28

5.58E-14

SLC7A14

−1.83

4.38E-03

−1.84

4.00E-03

SLC36A2

−1.53

2.19E-03

–

–

Transportation of minerals

SLC30A4

−2.70

1.37E-11

−1.95

4.49E-12

SLC31A1

−1.69

1.96E-10

−1.53

6.50E-09

SLC39A14

−1.72

1.31E-09

−1.68

7.69E-11

Absorption of calcium

TRPV1

−3.43

4.50E-06

−2.83

2.64E-07

TRPV5

4.66

7.54E-07

3.68

1.15E-06

TRPV6

3.25

7.87E-06

3.25

8.06E-11

PTHLH

−5.17

1.04E-20

−5.41

1.28E-26

FGF23

3.48

1.21E-06

2.33

5.21E-03

Apoptosis

IGFBP5

–

–

−1.76

2.01E-05

LIF

2.58

3.05E-05

1.86

4.80E-04

SOCS3

2.65

2.64E-05

2.49

1.66E-06

BCL2L14

1.53

1.55E-06

1.68

4.06E-12

OSM

1.90

1.46E-04

–

–

OSMR

1.64

6.38E-04

1.56

6.14E-09

FOS

1.67

5.82E-03

1.72

2.61E-04

JUNB

2.06

4.59E-06

1.80

4.63E-11

TNF

1.78

8.90E-06

–

–

TNFSF8

1.66

8.87E-12

–

–

TNFSF13

–

–

−2.48

3.33E-17

TNFRSF18

2.10

6.21E-05

1.59

1.04E-04

TNFRSF6B

1.64

6.44E-04

–

–

TNFAIP6

1.81

1.41E-05

–

–

LTK

−2.45

2.59E-26

−2.31

2.79E-19

WNT5A

−2.50

5.73E-20

−2.28

5.87E-26

Morphogenesis and tissue remodeling

ADAMTS4

2.46

5.84E-05

1.61

2.64E-03

ADAMTS7

1.59

2.43E-06

–

–

ADAMTS16

1.69

2.46E-03

–

–

ADAMTS17

−1.54

1.18E-09

−1.64

2.02E-09

Immunity

MUC1

−3.11

2.59E-05

−2.78

1.21E-04

MUC4

−2.10

7.80E-05

−1.81

1.03E-05

MUC20

−3.01

4.49E-15

−2.78

1.09E-13

ABCA3

−2.61

7.95E-21

−1.94

3.98E-20

SFTPD

−5.47

6.59E-34

−5.35

6.57E-38

BPIFA1

−4.41

2.67E-13

−3.86

5.54E-08

BPIFA2

−8.53

5.70E-11

−6.61

1.56E-14

BPIFA3

−5.11

1.34E-17

−4.08

6.36E-09

BPIFB1

− 4.32

3.14E-21

−4.28

3.16E-20

BPIFB4

−3.93

8.81E-03

–

–

CLDN6

3.09

1.68E-03

–

–

CLDND2

1.68

1.57E-08

1.72

1.61E-22

Cytokines and/or their receptors

IL5

1.76

8.96E-03

–

–

IL15RA

1.90

3.49E-07

–

–

IL22RA2

1.99

9.41E-03

–

–

Defensins

DEFB116

2.75

2.34E-02

2.73

9.28E-03

DEFB126

3.40

2.70E-03

3.55

2.21E-04

Chemokines

CXCR4

1.67

1.67E-05

–

–

Complement cascade

C1QA

1.60

1.77E-07

–

–

C1S

1.69

8.27E-06

–

–

C1R

1.76

4.57E-05

–

–

C6

2.25

1.53E-07

1.83

2.36E-06

C7

1.95

1.04E-03

–

–

CTSL

1.78

8.36E-03

–

–