Net absorption and liver metabolism of amino acids and heat production of portal-drained viscera and liver in multiparous sows during transition and lactation

Hu, Liang; Kristensen, Niels Bastian; Che, Lianqiang; Wu, De; Theil, Peter Kappel

doi:10.1186/s40104-019-0417-7

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Table 3 Hematocrit and arterial concentration of gases, insulin, urea, and amino acids in sows during late gestation and in early and peak lactation

From: Net absorption and liver metabolism of amino acids and heat production of portal-drained viscera and liver in multiparous sows during transition and lactation

Item	DIM¹				SEM	ST¹								SEM	P-value
	-10	-3	3	17		−0.5	0.5	1.5	2.5	3.5	4.5	5.5	6.5		DIM	ST	ST×DIM
Hematocrit, %	27.5^ab	28.1^a	27.0^bc	26.3^c	0.5	28.4^a	28.4^a	26.8^b	26.6^b	26.7^b	26.8^b	26.9^b	27.1^b	0.5	0.008	< 0.001	0.54
O₂, mmol/L	5.9	5.8	5.7	5.8	0.1	6.2^a	6.1^a	5.8^b	5.7^b	5.6^b	5.6^b	5.7^b	5.7^b	0.1	0.46	< 0.001	0.64
CO₂, mmol/L	27.2^b	26.5^c	29.1^a	28.5^a	0.3	27.1^d	27.0^d	28.2^b	28.8^a	28.3^b	27.9^bc	27.8^bc	27.4^cd	0.3	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.008
Insulin, mmol/L	62.2^b	46.3^b	90.3^a	107.9^a	7.7	29.9^d	224.7^a	90.9^b	90.0^b	66.1^c	42.6^d	39.9^d	29.3^d	10.1	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Urea, mmol/L	3.7^b	3.9^b	3.3^c	6.2^a	0.2	4.4^a	4.3^b	4.3^c	4.3^bc	4.3^bc	4.3^bc	4.3^c	4.2^d	0.2	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.02
Essential AA, μmol/L
Lys	97.0^b	90.3^b	133.9^a	84.5^b	12.0	86.1^d	114.1^ab	112.1^ab	116.7^a	108.3^b	99.7^c	88.4^d	85.9^d	8.4	0.005	< 0.001	0.77
Met	28.3	27.1	26.0	24.9	1.8	25.6^d	31.3^a	28.5^b	26.7^cd	27.5^bc	25.6^d	23.7^e	24.0^de	1.4	0.37	< 0.001	0.68
Thr	174.3	189.6	180.7	163.3	14.1	163.4^d	185.5^ab	186.3^ab	190.0^a	184.0^b	177.8^c	166.7^d	162.1^d	11.9	0.17	< 0.001	0.55
Trp	69.3^a	68.5^a	56.1^b	66.2^a	3.7	61.6^d	67.4^ab	68.0^ab	69.2^a	66.5^bc	64.8^c	61.9^d	60.8^d	3.5	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.38
Ile	166.2^a	158.5^a	108.2^b	118.7^b	6.2	126.5^c	147.0^a	143.3^ab	144.4^ab	141.0^ab	139.2^b	131.1^c	130.5^c	5.1	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.88
Leu	205.4^a	182.6^b	139.7^c	151.2^c	10.0	154.7^c	188.3^a	178.4^b	176.5^b	171.2^b	169.4^b	159.8^c	159.3^c	8.8	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.44
Val	340.2^a	290.3^b	266.5^b	266.4^b	14.5	271.4^c	307.5^a	304.1^ab	301.7^ab	295.5^ab	292.0^b	278.9^c	275.7^c	11.3	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.51
His	82.2	81.5	82.7	89.4	4.3	77.6^c	85.0^ab	87.7^a	88.3^a	87.4^a	86.3^a	80.9^bc	78.2^c	4.0	0.09	< 0.001	0.71
Phe	107.2^a	103.6^a	84.3^b	102.8^a	5.4	88.3^d	102.9^ab	105.2^ab	106.8^a	103.8^ab	101.9^b	94.2^c	92.8^cd	5.1	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.82
Non-essential AA, μmol/L
Ala	545.8^a	562.5^a	478.4^b	473.1^b	28.7	454.5^d	545.1^b	580.8^a	548.0^b	531.7^bc	515.2^c	474.3^d	469.9^d	27.1	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.04
Asn	23.9^a	20.9^b	10.1^c	21.1^b	1.8	12.1^f	18.0^d	21.9^bc	25.0^a	22.7^b	20.6^c	16.6^de	15.0^e	1.7	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.03
Asp	41.8^b	40.0^b	46.7^a	49.1^a	2.1	36.7^e	43.8^cd	47.3^b	51.4^a	48.8^b	46.7^bc	42.0^d	38.4^e	1.8	0.001	< 0.001	0.57
Cys	205.9^b	204.6^b	260.5^a	200.8^b	7.9	223.0^a	225.6^a	215.1^b	215.2^b	216.2^b	214.7^b	216.4^b	217.5^b	6.1	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.33
Glu	254.1^ab	234.6^bc	269.3^a	225.5^c	13.5	230.3^c	250.6^ab	255.7^a	253.5^a	251.0^a	249.3^ab	239.7^bc	236.7^c	10.5	0.01	< 0.001	0.09
Gly	821.7	855.2	778.2	781.5	30.0	793.6d^e	799.2^de	780.3^e	822.2^bc	838.0^a	828.1^ab	810.1^cd	801.7^cde	16.9	0.16	< 0.001	< 0.001
Pro	501.4^a	475.5^a	320.3^c	416.4^b	26.5	371.4^e	417.5^cd	444.1^ab	460.0^a	455.6^a	450.1^a	427.5^bc	401.0^de	21.3	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.45
Ser	147.7^a	142.1^a	125.2^b	140.8^a	6.2	130.4^c	146.1^a	139.0^bc	144.6^a	143.3^ab	140.8^ab	134.6^c	132.9^c	4.8	0.010	< 0.001	0.01
Tyr	120.6^ab	115.0^b	89.2^c	124.7^a	5.8	103.3^d	117.4^ab	117.7^ab	120.1^a	116.5^b	113.8^b	107.0^c	103.4^d	5.3	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.44
Gln	276.2^c	241.5^d	344.2^b	374.3^a	14.1	290.0^c	308.6^b	318.0^b	339.2^a	338.1^a	317.0^b	290.2^c	271.4^d	13.1	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.33

^a–fWithin a row and within a main effect (DIM, ST), means with different letters differ
¹DIM days in milk, ST sampling time

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