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Table 7 The relative values between dietary gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy (NE) of sows fed Control (CON; 187.4 g/kg crude protein), Optimal (OPT; 137.8 g/kg crude protein) or Optimal + Leucine (OPTLEU; 142.5 g/kg) diets between day 4 and 8 of lactation (early lactation) and between day 14 and 18 of lactation (peak lactation)1

From: Reduced protein diet with near ideal amino acid profile improves energy efficiency and mitigate heat production associated with lactation in sows

Item

Diet

SEM2

P-value

CON

OPT

OPTLEU

OPT vs. CON

OPT LEU vs. CON

OPTLEU vs. OPT

Early lactation (day 4 to 8)

 

 Number of sows

12

11

11

    

DE/GE, %

 Analyzed

88.3

87.2

85.2

0.4

0.162

< 0.01

0.007

 Calculated

87.3

83.6

83.7

    

ME/DE, %

 Analyzed

97.7

98.5

98.2

0.4

0.324

0.656

0.836

 Calculated

96.0

97.0

97.0

    

NElactation/ME, %3

 Analyzed

51.4

49.7

58.9

4.8

0.967

0.507

0.380

 Calculated

74.8

75.8

75.7

    

NEmilk/ME, %4

57.5

64.4

65.0

4.3

0.500

0.448

0.996

Peak lactation (day 14 to 18)

 Number of sows

11

11

11

    

DE/GE, %

 Analyzed

88.3

87.2

85.2

0.4

0.162

< 0.01

0.007

 Calculated

87.3

83.6

83.7

    

ME/DE, %

 Analyzed

97.5

98.7

98.0

0.4

0.063

0.635

0.327

 Calculated

96.0

97.0

97.0

    

NElactation/ME, %3

 Analyzed

48.0

63.0*

56.2

4.8

0.092

0.468

0.584

 Calculated

74.8

75.8

75.7

    

NEmilk/ME, %4

51.9

72.4

63.5

4.4

0.008

0.167

0.339

  1. 1Data are least squares means
  2. 2Maximum value of the standard error of the means
  3. 3\( {\mathrm{NE}}_{\mathrm{lactation}}\left(\mathrm{MJ}/\mathrm{kg}\ \mathrm{feed}\ \right)=\frac{\mathrm{Milk}\ \mathrm{energy}\ \mathrm{output}\left(\mathrm{MJ}/\mathrm{d}\right)-\mathrm{Milk}\ \mathrm{energy}\ \mathrm{from}\ \mathrm{body}\ \left(\mathrm{MJ}/\mathrm{d}\right)}{\mathrm{Daily}\ \mathrm{feed}\ \mathrm{intake}\left(\mathrm{kg}/\mathrm{d}\right)} \)
  4. 4\( {\mathrm{NE}}_{\mathrm{milk}}\left(\mathrm{MJ}/\mathrm{kg}\ \mathrm{feed}\ \right)=\frac{\mathrm{Milk}\ \mathrm{energy}\ \mathrm{output}\left(\mathrm{MJ}/\mathrm{d}\right)}{\mathrm{Daily}\ \mathrm{feed}\ \mathrm{intake}\left(\mathrm{kg}/\mathrm{d}\right)} \)
  5. *Main effect of period (early and late) was significant (P < 0.05).