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Table 1 Ingredient composition and nutrient content of control (CON), ptimal (OPT) and Optimal + leucine (OPTLEU) diets (g/kg, as-fed basis)

From: Reduced protein diet with near ideal amino acid profile improves energy efficiency and mitigate heat production associated with lactation in sows

 

CON

OPT

OPTLEU

Ingredient composition

 Corn, yellow dent

591.7

614.5

612.1

 Soybean meal1

300.0

140.0

140.0

 Soy hulls

105.7

105.7

 Sugar food product2

50.0

50.0

50.0

 Beef tallow

33.5

50.2

48.1

L-Lysine·HCl, 78.8%

4.7

4.7

L-Valine

2.9

2.9

L-Threonine

2.0

2.0

L-Phenylalanine

1.3

1.3

DL-Methionine

1.1

1.1

L-Isoleucine

0.8

0.8

L-Histidine

0.7

0.7

L-Tryptophan

0.5

0.5

L-Leucine

4.5

 Limestone

11.8

9.3

9.3

 Dicalcium phosphate

4.5

7.8

7.8

 Sodium chloride

5.0

5.0

5.0

 Vitamin and mineral Premix3

2.5

2.5

2.5

 Titanium dioxide

1.0

1.0

1.0

Calculated nutrient4

 Net energy, MJ/kg

10.8

10.8

10.8

 Crude protein

192.4

140.0

143.4

 Fermentable fiber

115.8

115.8

115.7

   SID5 amino acids

   Arginine

11.7

7.1

7.1

   Histidine

4.7

3.7

3.7

   Isoleucine

7.1

5.2

5.2

   Leucine

14.7

10.3

14.7

   Lysine

9.0

9.0

9.0

   Methionine6

2.7

3.0

3.0

   Methionine + cysteine

5.4

4.9

4.9

   Phenylalanine

8.4

6.7

6.7

   Phenylalanine + tyrosine

13.8

10.3

10.3

   Threonine

6.1

5.8

5.8

   Tryptophan

2.1

1.7

1.7

   Valine

7.7

7.9

7.9

 Nitrogen

26.3

18.8

19.3

 Total calcium7

6.5

6.5

6.5

 STTD8 phosphorus7

2.3

2.3

2.3

  1. 1480 g/kg crude protein
  2. 2Supplied per kg: net energy 11.9 MJ; fermentable fiber 0.5 g/kg; crude protein 10 g/kg (International Ingredient Corporation, St. Louis, MO, USA)
  3. 3Sow micro 5 and Se-yeast PIDX15 (Provimi North America, Inc. Brookville, OH, USA)
  4. 4Based on nutrient concentrations in feed ingredients according to NRC [13]
  5. 5SID: standardized ileal digestible
  6. 6Methionine concentration in Optimal and Optimal + Leucine is higher than Control because methionine was added to meet requirement of (methionine + cysteine)
  7. 7Additional calcium (1.0 g/kg) and phosphorus (1.5 g/kg) releases were accounted due to phytase from the premix
  8. 8STTD: standard total tract digestible