Low-protein diets supplemented with casein hydrolysate favor the microbiota and enhance the mucosal humoral immunity in the colon of pigs

Table 1 Composition and nutrient analysis of experimental diets (as-fed basis)

Items	Control	LPA	LPC
Corn, 8.0%	65.35	50.0	45.0
Soybean meal, 45.2%	18.67	–	–
Casein hydrolysate, 89%	–	–	4.50
Fish meal, 66.1%	1.00	1.00	1.00
Soybean oil	0.72	1.71	2.31
Corn starch	4.00	25.85	25.00
Rice husk powder	0.76	3.54	4.00
Choline chloride, 50%	0.10	0.10	0.10
CaHPO₃	1.22	1.88	1.99
NaHPO₃	–	0.26	4.44
L-Lys, 78.8%	0.69	1.37	1.00
DL-Met, 99%	0.17	0.29	0.18
L-Thr, 98.5%	0.29	0.60	0.45
L-Trp, 98%	0.07	0.17	0.12
L-Leu, 98.5%	–	0.78	0.46
L-Ile, 98.5%	0.49	0.53	0.54
L-Phe, 98.5%	–	0.53	0.35
L-Val, 98.5%	0.19	0.61	0.37
L-Asp, 99%	–	0.79	0.56
L-Glu, 99%	–	1.45	0.73
L-Pro, 99%	–	0.45	–
L-Ser, 98.5%	–	0.38	0.20
L-Arg, 98.5%	–	0.50	0.20
L-His, 80.1%	0.06	0.47	0.20
L-Ala, 99%	–	0.37	0.28
L-Gly, 99%	–	0.31	0.26
L-Tyr, 98.5%	–	0.29	–
L-Cys, 98.5%	–	0.26	0.25
Vitamins and minerals premix^a	1.00	1.00	1.00
Glucose	2.00	2.00	2.00
Sucrose	2.00	2.00	2.00
Stone dust	0.57	0.23	0.10
Cr₂O₃	0.35	0.35	0.35
Sodium chloride	0.13	0.14	–
ZnO	0.05	0.05	0.05
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated composition
NE, Mcal/kg	2.41	2.41	2.41
Crude protein, %	16.00	13.00	13.30
Crude fiber, %	2.50	2.50	2.60
Calcium, %	0.70	0.70	0.70
Total phosphorus, %	0.60	0.60	0.63
Available phosphorus, %	0.40	0.49	0.53
Standardized ileal digestible AA, %^b
Lys	1.23	1.23	1.23
Met	0.36	0.36	0.36
Ile	0.63	0.63	0.63
Thr	0.73	0.73	0.73
Trp	0.20	0.20	0.20
Val	0.78	0.78	0.78
Leu	1.14	1.23	1.23
Phe	0.64	0.72	0.72
Arg	0.80	0.69	0.51
Gly	0.51	0.46	0.46
His	0.42	0.51	0.39
Cys	0.32	0.32	0.32
Ser	0.62	0.56	0.56
Tyr	0.45	0.42	0.34
Asp	1.17	1.04	1.04
Glu	2.37	2.18	2.18
Pro	0.83	0.78	0.74
Ala	0.68	0.64	0.64

a: Vitamin mixture supplied the following per kg complete diet: vitamin A, 15,000 IU; vitamin D₃, 3,000 IU; vitamin E, 150 mg; vitamin K₃, 3 mg; vitamin B₁, 3 mg; vitamin B₂, 6 mg; vitamin B₆, 5 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 0.03 mg; niacin, 45 mg; vitamin C, 250 mg; calcium pantothenate, 9 mg; folic acid, 1 mg; biotin, 0.3 mg; choline chloride, 500 mg
b: Values for standardized ileal digestible (SID) concentrations of amino acids for the diets were estimated using standardized ileal digestible coefficients for the various ingredients provided by NRC (2012) [10]
LPA Low-protein diets supplemented with free amino acids, LPC Low-protein diets supplemented with casein hydrolysate

ISSN: 2049-1891