Fig. 4

Effects of dietary putrescine supplementation on proinflammatory cytokine expression in the jejunal mucosa of piglets. a The mRNA level of TNF-α. b The mRNA level of IL-8. c The mRNA level of IL-6. d The mRNA level of NF-κB p65. e The protein level of phospho-NF-κB p65. f The protein level of total-NF-κB p65. Values are means ± SE, n = 6. Means with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Ctrl, control; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; NF-κB p65: nuclear receptor kappa B p65 subunit; Put, putrescine dihydrochloride; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α