Fig. 4

Effect of E. faecium on mRNA abundance of innate immune-related genes in the ileum of piglets challenged with ETEC K88. Values are means, with their standard errors represented by vertical bars (n = 8). , CON-ETEC; ,PRO-ETEC; , CON+ETEC; , PRO+ETEC. TLR, Toll-like receptor; MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; TRAF-6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6; NF-κB, nuclear transcription factor kappa B; IL, interleukin. ^{a, b} Mean values with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05). For TLR-2 and NF-κB, the superscript letters referred to significant effect of ETEC