Methodology and application of Escherichia coli F4 and F18 encoding infection models in post-weaning pigs

Luise, Diana; Lauridsen, Charlotte; Bosi, Paolo; Trevisi, Paolo

doi:10.1186/s40104-019-0352-7

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Table 1 List of ETEC F4 and F18 challenge trials including animal choices for susceptibility, their relative model settings and the observed infection indicators included

From: Methodology and application of Escherichia coli F4 and F18 encoding infection models in post-weaning pigs

N ^a	Genetics variants^b	No. of pigs per group	Weaning	Conditioning	ETEC^c	Challenge dose	Challenge timing^d	Control group^e	Indicators for challenge effectiveness	End of the trial	Ref^f
1	MUC4 −/− +/− and +/+	8	d28	No	F4ac	10⁹ CFU/mL	3 dpw	NA	NA	7 dpi	[67]
2	MUC4 −/−	8	d21	No	F4ac	10 mL of ETEC culture 10⁹ CFU/mL	8 dpw	Neg	Diarrhea; RTⁱ	7 dpi	[70]
3	MUC4 −/−	6	d21	No	F4ac	10 mL of ETEC culture 10⁹ CFU/mL	8 dpw	Neg	Diarrhea; RTⁱ	7 dpi	[69]
4	MUC4 −/−	8	d21	No	F4ac	1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/mL	8 dpw	Neg	Abundance of E.coli in feces	7 dpi	[68]
5	MUC4 +/+	10	d24	No	F4ac	5 mL of suspension containing 10⁸ CFU/mL	7 dpw	NA	Diarrhea; fecal ETEC plate counts; anti-F4 IgA and IgM in blood	14 dpi	[12]
6	MUC4 +/+	5	d24	No	F4ac	5 mL of suspension containing 10⁸ CFU/mL	7 dpw	NA	Diarrhea; In vitro adhesion test	24 h pi	[44]
7	MUC4 +/+	10 or 20	d17–18	Yes	F4ac	1.5 × 10⁹ CFU/mL or 1.7 × 10⁹ CFU/mL or 9.8 × 10⁸ CFU/mL	3 or 7 or 21 dpw	NA	Diarrhea; gut content consistency; ETEC F4 fecal shedding; serum and intestinal anti-F4 IgM, IgA and IgG	3 or 5 dpi	[14]
8	MUC4+/+	8	d42	Yes	F4ac	1 × 10⁸ CFU in 20 mL NaCl	From 1 to 3 dpw	Neg	Diarroea; fecal ETEC plate counts, IgA and IgM in blood	10 dpw	[64]
9	MUC4+/+	6	d28	Yes	F4ac	1 × 10⁸ CFU in 20 mL NaCl	From 1 to 2	Neg	Diarroea; fecal ETEC plate counts	12 dpw	[65]
10	van Haeringen laboratory MUC4+/+.	^gExp1 = 3; ^gExp2 = 6	d28	Yes	F4ac	1 × 10⁹ CFU/mL in 5 mL of 9% NaCl + 10 mL of 10% NaHCO₃	2 dpw	Exp1: Neg; Exp2: NA	^gExp1 and Exp2: Diarrhea and fecal DM; fecal haemolic E. coli;	19 dpi	[91]
11	van Haeringen laboratory MUC4+/+	8–10	d30–32	Yes	F4ac	5 × 10⁷ CFU in 20 mL NaCl	From 1 to 2 dpw	Neg	Diarroea; fecal ETEC plate counts	10 dpw	[15]
12	MUC13 +/+	^gExp1 = 16; ^gExp2 = 18	d24	No	F4ac	5 mL of 10⁸ CFU/ mL	4 dpw	Neg	^gExp1: Diarrhea; Exp2: Diarrhea; fecal ETEC quantification	13 dpi	[46]
13	MUC4 +/+; FUT1 +/+	F4 = 20; F18 = 18	d28	Yes	F4 and F18ac	F18ac: 10¹¹ CFU/mL; F4 10¹¹ CFU/mL for 2 days	7 dpw	Neg	Diarrheal; ETEC F18 and F4 fecal shedding; F18 and F4 specific antibodies in blood; in vitro adhesion test	20 dpi	[72]
14	Exp1:FUT1 +/+ and MUC4 −/− or MUC4 +/+; Exp2: FUT1 +/+ and MUC4 +/+	^gExp1 = 12; ^gExp2 = 10	d16–18	No	^gExp1:F18; ^gExp2:F4	Exp1 = 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/mL or 5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/mL; Exp2 = 1.3 × 10⁹ CFU/mL	7 or 21 d post vaccination	Neg	Diarrhea; ETEC F18 and F4 fecal shedding; Serum anti-F4 and anti-F18 IgM and IgA;	Exp1 = 7 dpi; Exp2 = 4 dpi	[66]
15	MUC4 +/+ and FUT1 +/+	6	NA	No	F18ab	10 mL of 10¹¹ CFU/ mL	62 dpw	NA	Fecal ETEC F18; serum IgA; in vitro adhesion test	7 dpi	[73]
16	FUT1 +/+	6	^gExp1: d25; ^gExp2: d30	Yes	^gExp1: F18ab; ^gExp2:F18ac	^gExp1: 5 mL of 6.7 log CFU; ^gExp2: 5 ml of 6.7 log CFU	Exp1: 11 dpw; Exp2: 13 dpw + 30 dpw the 2° challenge	NA	ETEC F18 fecal count; serum F18 IgA	8 dpi	[113]
17	FUT1 +/+	^gExp1 = 4; ^gExp2 = 3	d28	Yes	F18ab	10 mL of 10¹¹ CFU/ mL	at weaning	NA	Diarrhea; F18-specific antibodies in blood; in vitro adhesion test	8 dpi	[47]
18	FUT1 +/+	9	Not pertinent^h	No	F18	1 mL of 7.5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ mL	from days 1–8 of life	Neg	Diarrhea; E. coli aboundance in intestinal content	8 dpi	[75]
19	FUT1 +/+	10	Not pertinent^h	No	F18	1 mL of 10¹⁰ CFU/ mL	from days 1–4 of life	Neg	Diarrhea	5 dpi	[76]
20	FUT1 +/+	^gExp1 = 6; ^gExp2 = 5	^gExp1 = d28; ^gExp2 = d21		F18	10 mL of 10¹¹ CFU/ mL	^gExp1: 22 dpw; ^gExp2: 7 dpw	Exp1: Neg; Exp2: NA	^gExp1and Exp 2: Fecal excretion of ETEC F18; F18- and FedF-specific IgM, IgA and IgG response in blood and saliva; in vitro adhesion test	Exp1:18 dpi; Exp2:21 dpi	[74]
21	FUT1 +/+	18	d28–34	No	F18	50 mL of 3 × 10⁸ CFU/ mL	From 3 to 6 dpw	NA	Diarrhea; E. coli and Hemolytic bacteria count on feces; Fecal DM; plasma IgA and IgG	Not reported	[17]

^aN Study number
^bGenetics variants: MUC4:Mucine4; MUC13:Mucine13; FUT1: Fucosyltransferase 1. +/+ stands for the genotypes associated with the susceptibility to the respective ETEC; −/−: the genotypes associated with the resistance
^cETEC Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
^dChallenge timing: it was reported as days post-weaning (dpw)
^eControl group: Neg Negative control group (not infected), Pos Positive control group (group treated with antibiotic)
^fRef. Reference
^gExp Experiment
^hNot pertinent: performed in newborn cesarean-delivered pigs
ⁱRT Rectal temperature
Additional abbreviations: D day, CFU Colony forming units, NA Not available, dpi Days post-inoculum

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ISSN: 2049-1891

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