TY - JOUR AU - Li, Ning AU - Yu, Haitao AU - Liu, Hongbin AU - Wang, Yuming AU - Zhou, Junyan AU - Ma, Xi AU - Wang, Zheng AU - Sun, Chengtao AU - Qiao, Shiyan PY - 2019 DA - 2019/04/12 TI - Horizontal transfer of vanA between probiotic Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in fermented soybean meal and in digestive tract of growing pigs JO - Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology SP - 36 VL - 10 IS - 1 AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the intergeneric transfer of vancomycin resistance gene vanA between probiotic enterococci in the fermentation progress of soybean meal and in the digestive tract of growing pigs. One vanA genotype vancomycin resistant E. faecium strain, Efm4, and one chloramphenicol-resistant E. faecalis strain, Efs2, were isolated from twenty-nine probiotic basis feed material / additive samples. For in vitro conjugation, Efm4 and Efs2 were used as starter to ferment soybean meal. For in vivo conjugation, thirty growing pigs were randomly assigned to five groups (nā€‰=ā€‰6), treated with a basic diet, or supplemented with 10% fermented soybean meal, 1% Efm4, 5% Efs2 or a combination of 1% Efm4ā€‰+ā€‰5% Efs2 for 7 d, respectively. Fecal samples of pigs in each group were collected daily for the isolation and dynamic analysis of Efm4, Efs2 and transconjugants. The sequence types (STs) of Efm4, Efs2 and transconjugants were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The vanA harboring plasmid in Efm4 and transconjugants was analyzed by S1-pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and further verified by multiple alignments. SN - 2049-1891 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0341-x DO - 10.1186/s40104-019-0341-x ID - Li2019 ER -