Table 3 Production of transgenic pigs with important production and disease-resistance traits
From: Application of new biotechnologies for improvements in swine nutrition and pork production
Gene | Target tissue | Production trait | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Bovine growth hormone (knock-in) | Tissues | Increases lean tissue growth and feed efficiency; reduces whole-body fat content and blood cholesterol concentration | Pursel et a1. [50] Solomon et al. [51] |
Spinach ∆12 FAD (knock-in) | White adipose tissue | Desaturates oleic acid (18:1, ω9) at C12 to produce linoleic acid (18:2, ω6) in animals | Saeki et al. [52] |
C. elegans FAD (knock-in) | White adipose tissue | Desaturates linoleic acid (18:2, ω6) to produce ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animals | Lai et al. [53] |
Microbial phytase (knock-in) | Salivary gland | Hydrolyzes phytate in plant-source ingredients; increases utilization of dietary phosphate, other minerals, and protein | Golovan et al. [54] |
Phytase and other enzymesa (knock-in) | Salivary gland | Hydrolyzes phytate and complex carbohydrates in plant-source ingredients; increases utilization of dietary phosphate, other minerals, and protein | Zhang et al. [47] |
Myostatin (knock-out) | Skeletal muscle | Increases the number of skeletal muscle fiber, skeletal muscle mass, protein deposition, and gain:feed ratio (feed efficiency) | Rao et al. [78] |
Uncoupling protein 1 (knock-in) | Tissues | Increases nonshivering thermogenesis and piglet survival; decreases the accretion of white adipose tissue; increases carcass lean tissue content | Zheng et al. [79] |
CD163 (knock-out) | Tissues | Resistant to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, “blue ear disease”) | Burkard et al. [63]; Wells et al.[61]; Whitworth et al. [59, 60]; Yang et al. [64] |