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Table 2 Milestones in the use of gene editing techniques for producing gene-edited swine

From: Application of new biotechnologies for improvements in swine nutrition and pork production

Gene

Gene editor

DSB DNA repair

Route of gene injection

Year

Reference

PPARγ

ZFN

NHEJ

SCNT

2011

Yang et al. [74]

LDLR

TALEN

NHEJ

SCNT

2012

Carlson et al. [75]

RELA

ZFN

NHEJ

CPI

2013

Lillico et al. [72]

RELA

TALEN

NHEJ

CPI

2013

Lillico et al. [72]

APC

TALEN

HDR

SCNT

2013

Tan et al. [76]

vWF

CRISPR/Cas9

NHEJ

CPI

2014

Hai et al. [73]

CD163

CRISPR/Cas9

NHEJ

SCNT

2014

Whitworth et al. [59]

CD163

CRISPR/Cas9

NHEJ

SCNT

2016

Whitworth et al. [60]

OTR

CRISPR/Cas9

HDR

SCNT

2016

Lai et al. [77]

Myostatin

TALEN

NHEJ

SCNT

2016

Rao et al. [78]

PERVs

CRISPR/Cas9

NHEJ

SCNT

2017

Niu et al. [62]

UCP1

CRISPR/Cas9

HDR

SCNT

2017

Zheng et al. [79]

CD163 a

CRISPR/Cas9

NHEJ

SCNT

2017

Wells et al. [61]

CD163

CRISPR/Cas9

NHEJ

SCNT

2018

Yang et al. [64]

CD163 b

CRISPR/Cas9

NHEJ

SCNT

2018

Burkard et al. [63]

  1. APC Adenomatous polyposis coli (a colon cancer gene), CD163 Cluster of differentiation 163 (encoding for a protein that is the high affinity scavenger receptor for the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex), CPI Cytoplasmic injection, CRISPR/Cas9 Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nuclease-9, DSB A double strand break, HDR Homology-directed repair, LDLR Low-density lipoprotein receptor, NHEJ Non-homologous end joining, OTR Oct4-td-tomato reporter gene, PERVs Porcine endogenous retroviruses, RELA Transcription factor p65 (also known as nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit), SCNT Somatic cell nuclear transfer, TALEN Transcription activator-like effector nuclease, UCP1 Uncoupling protein-1, vWF Von Willebrand factor, and ZFN Zinc finger nuclease
  2. aReplacement of porcine CD163 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain 5 with a CD163-like homolog
  3. bCD163 with exon 7 deleted