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Table 5 Liver amino acid concentrations of growing barrows (25 to 42 kg body weight) fed different levels of threonine (70%, 85%, 100%, 115%, and 130% of the ideal threonine:lysine ratio of 0.65) in an individual precision-feeding (IPF) system or a group phase-feeding (GPF)

From: Pigs receiving daily tailored diets using precision-feeding techniques have different threonine requirements than pigs fed in conventional phase-feeding systems

Parameter

IPF

GPF

 

P-valueb

70

85

100

115

130

70

85

100

115

130

MSEa

Thr

FS

Thr × FS

Number of observations

5

3

6

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

    

Chemical composition c , %

 Dry matter

28.94

27.70

28.35

28.73

28.66

28.08

28.58

28.29

28.69

29.04

0.53

0.59

0.84

0.49

 Crude protein

20.44

20.28

20.35

20.57

20.72

20.34

20.55

20.34

20.77

20.26

0.33

0.84

0.92

0.78

 Fat

7.11

6.21

6.35

6.17

6.44

5.91

6.77

6.69

6.41

7.43

0.51

0.72

0.53

0.19

 Ash

1.48

1.51

1.50

1.51

1.48

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.59

1.47

0.04

0.21

0.93

0.54

Essential amino acids, g/100 g of crude protein

 Arginine

6.89

7.00

6.87

6.88

6.89

6.69

6.91

7.09

6.85

6.82

0.18

0.76

0.76

0.76

 Histidine

3.01

2.91

2.92

3.03

3.04

3.03

2.92

2.99

2.93

2.88

0.08

0.69

0.49

0.48

 Isoleucine

4.47

4.36

4.36

4.39

4.45

4.28

4.37

4.30

4.44

4.42

0.06

0.40

0.23

0.32

 Leucine

9.00

8.76

8.83

9.01

9.00

8.86

8.82

8.86

8.87

8.82

0.11

0.50

0.23

0.62

 Lysine

7.52

7.34

7.29

7.50

7.32

7.39

7.30

7.25

7.32

7.28

0.12

0.38

0.22

0.95

 Methionine

3.19

3.00

2.80

3.14

3.21

2.79

2.68

2.59

3.16

2.51

0.44

0.82

0.21

0.93

 Phenylalanine

5.00

4.87

4.92

5.03

5.10

4.97

4.92

4.99

4.96

4.93

0.06

0.24

0.33

0.14

 Threonine

4.48

4.40

4.38

4.49

4.44

4.34

4.38

4.38

4.41

4.42

0.05

0.60

0.09

0.65

 Valine

5.83

5.68

5.73

5.80

5.83

5.79

5.72

5.74

5.76

5.71

0.08

0.61

0.49

0.86

Non-essential amino acids, g/100 g of crude protein

 Alanine

5.76

5.64

5.69

5.73

5.71

5.71

5.62

5.68

5.69

5.61

0.06

0.39

0.22

0.94

 Asparagine

10.51

10.18

10.31

10.52

10.40

10.37

10.19

10.20

10.35

10.16

0.17

0.41

0.18

0.95

 Cysteine

1.14

1.24

1.33

1.23

1.19

1.15

1.18

1.24

1.23

1.25

0.06

0.21

0.65

0.69

 Glutamate

12.56

11.80

11.02

11.68

12.03

12.05

11.94

11.05

11.21

11.22

0.63

0.23

0.37

0.91

 Glycine

5.92

5.68

5.87

5.75

5.78

5.75

5.71

5.83

5.84

5.70

0.08

0.21

0.50

0.44

 Proline

4.79

4.64

4.77

4.76

4.76

4.67

4.68

4.73

4.78

4.66

0.05

0.24

0.22

0.40

 Serine

4.53

4.52

4.49

4.57

4.49

4.39

4.44

4.44

4.48

4.43

0.06

0.74

0.02

0.92

 Tyrosine

4.21

4.12

4.11

4.18

4.19

4.06

4.15

4.08

4.15

4.13

0.05

0.47

0.10

0.36

  1. aMSE, maximum standard error; cFresh basis
  2. bThr, level of threonine; FS, feeding system; Thr × FS, interaction between level of threonine and feeding system