Morphological and molecular response of small intestine to lactulose and hydrogen-rich water in female piglets fed Fusarium mycotoxins contaminated diet

Table 1 Effects of lactulose and hydrogen-rich water on serum D-lactic acid levels, diamine oxidase (DAO) activities and endotoxin concentrations in female piglets fed Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated diet^{1, 2}

Item	NC	MC	MC + LAC	MC + HRW	SEM	P-value
D-Lactic acid, mmol/L	12.53^Bb	21.47^Aa	14.15^Bb	14.14^Bb	1.04	< 0.001
DAO, U/mL	13.37^b	19.97^a	13.52^b	13.68^b	0.96	0.020
Endotoxin, EU/L	0.68^Bb	1.26^Aa	0.74^Bb	0.84^ABb	0.06	0.001

Data are expressed as mean with standard error of mean (SEM)
^(A,B,a,b)Means in the same row not sharing the same lower (P < 0.05) or upper (P < 0.01) case superscript letters are significantly different
¹ NC (negative control), basal diet; MC, Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated diet; MC + LAC, MC diet + lactulose treatment; and MC + HRW, MC diet + hydrogen-rich water treatment
² n = 5

ISSN: 2049-1891