Effects of L-lysine·H2SO4 product on the intestinal morphology and liver pathology using broiler model

Table 1 Ingredient composition and nutrient levels of the experimental diets (% as fed)

Items	Dietary L-lysine·H₂SO₄ levels (%) fed from d 1 to 21					Dietary L-lysine·H₂SO₄ levels (%) fed from d 22 to 35
Items	0	1	4	7	10	0	1	4	7	10
Ingredient, %
Corn	59.12	59.75	62.41	65.21	68.85	60.67	61.27	63.67	67.77	71.58
Soybean meal	31.00	29.40	24.00	19.95	14.65	31.75	30.10	24.45	18.34	12.43
Fish meal	3.25	3.15	2.95	1.55	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Soybean meal	3.00	2.97	2.80	2.00	1.00	4.00	4.00	3.95	2.70	1.70
Limestone	1.40	1.46	1.35	1.30	1.25	1.10	1.15	1.20	1.25	1.20
Dicalcium phosphate	1.10	1.12	1.20	1.50	1.60	1.40	1.40	1.52	1.55	1.55
Salt	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Mineral and vitamin premix¹	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
L-lysine·H₂SO₄	0.00	1.00	4.00	7.00	10.00	0.00	1.00	4.00	7.00	10.00
DL-methionine	0.15	0.16	0.20	0.25	0.28	0.10	0.10	0.15	0.20	0.21
L-tryptophan	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.06
L-threonine	0.00	0.01	0.11	0.22	0.32	0.00	0.00	0.08	0.19	0.29
Choline chloride	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13
Antioxidant	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Calculated nutritional value
ME, Mcal/kg	3.04	3.05	3.10	3.10	3.10	3.10	3.11	3.16	3.15	3.16
Analyzed nutritional value, %²
Dry matter	88.24	88.33	88.62	88.85	88.82	89.10	89.11	89.28	89.47	90.03
Crude protein	21.70	22.82	22.59	23.13	22.71	20.02	21.20	21.58	20.40	20.31
Total calcium	1.05	1.14	0.73	0.71	1.01	0.96	1.20	0.97	0.82	1.10
Total phosphorus	0.49	0.55	0.49	0.61	0.57	0.57	0.55	0.54	0.55	0.58
Lysine	1.30	1.89	3.18	4.19	5.78	1.25	1.69	3.57	4.61	6.47
Tryptophan	0.23	0.23	0.20	0.21	0.19	0.23	0.22	0.19	0.18	0.20
Methionine	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.48	0.43	0.36	0.38	0.42	0.42	0.39
Cystine	0.30	0.29	0.28	0.25	0.21	0.28	0.29	0.28	0.25	0.21
Threonine	0.81	0.80	0.83	0.83	0.80	0.78	0.75	0.73	0.75	0.77

¹The mineral and vitamin premix provided the following per kg of feed: zinc, 75 mg; iron, 200 mg; copper, 15 mg; iodine, 0.88 mg; selenium, 0.35 mg; manganese, 100 mg; vitamin A, 9000 IU; vitamin D₃, 3750 IU; vitamin E, 25 IU; vitamin K₃, 2 mg; thiamine, 1.5 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 120 μg; riboflavin, 6 mg; nicotinic acid, 40 mg; pantothenic acid, 10 mg; pyridoxine, 3 mg; biotin, 0.1 mg
²Values are the means of a chemical analysis conducted in duplicate, n = 6/diet

ISSN: 2049-1891