Nanotechnology-based approach for safer enrichment of semen with best spermatozoa

Table 1 Dose-dependent effect of MNP- lectin conjugates on sperm motility characteristics

Other motion characteristics	Nanoparticles (μg) per 40 mL of extended semen			P-value
Other motion characteristics	0 (N = 18)	87.5 (N = 19)	175 (N = 15)	P-value
VAP, μm/s	63.9 ± 4.7^a	77.6 ± 4.7^a	88.8 ± 5.8^b	0.04
VSL, μm/s	45.4 ± 2.3^a	49.9 ± 2.3^a	61.6 ± 2.8^b	< 0.03
VCL, μm/s	128 ± 11.8	156.6 ± 11.8	173.5 ± 14.4	0.09
ALH, μm	5.4 ± 0.6	6.4 ± 0.6	6.6 ± 0.7	NS
BCF, Hz	38.9 ± 1.3	38.3 ± 1.3	36.6 ± 1.6	NS
STR, %	73.9 ± 3.3	68.4 ± 3.3	71.9 ± 4.0	NS
LIN, %	38.8 ± 2.7	36.3 ± 2.7	39.0 ± 3.3	NS

Table represents various sperm kinematic parameters, such as average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL), curve-linear velocity (VCL), head lateral amplitude (ALH), beat flagellum frequency (BCF), straightness (STR – VSL/VAP × 100), linearity (LIN – VSL/VCL × 100). Data are mean (±SEM) of N observations of at least 4 independent replicates using pooled semen doses. Different letters on the same line denote significant differences (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 2049-1891