Maternal supply of methionine during late-pregnancy enhances rate of Holstein calf development in utero and postnatal growth to a greater extent than colostrum source

Table 3 Plasma biomarkers and free amino acids at d 2, 7, 21, 42, and 50 of age in calves born to cows offered a control diet (CC and CM, n = 7/ group) or CON supplemented with ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected Met (MC and MM, n = 7/ group; Mepron® at 0.09% of diet DM; Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany) during the last 28 d of pregnancy

Item	Maternal diet		Colostrum type			P value¹
Item	CON	MET	CON	MET	SEM	M	C	T	M × C	M × T	C × T
Biomarker, mmol/L
Glucose	6.83	6.89	6.83	6.88	0.43	0.82	0.84	< 0.01	0.53	0.01	0.70
Cholesterol	1.86	1.97	1.90	1.94	0.12	0.30	0.69	< 0.01	0.43	0.38	0.55
NEFA	0.17	0.19	0.17	0.19	0.05	0.48	0.43	< 0.01	0.29	0.52	0.10
Urea	4.60	4.84	4.60	4.84	0.42	0.20	0.22	< 0.01	0.53	0.29	0.87
BHBA	0.11	0.13	0.11	0.12	0.04	0.06	0.21	< 0.01	0.60	0.93	0.41
Creatinine	92.6	93.8	93.3	93.1	3.14	0.68	0.91	< 0.01	0.38	0.80	0.11
Amino acids, μmol/L
His	5.37	6.14	5.89	5.98	0.34	0.38	0.84	< 0.01	0.51	0.74	0.99
Ile	10.6	11.5	10.7	11.4	0.69	0.34	0.52	< 0.01	0.86	0.32	0.95
Leu	15.3	16.9	15.7	16.4	1.0	0.29	0.63	< 0.01	0.64	0.38	0.94
Lys	10.2	10.5	10.1	10.7	0.64	0.73	0.48	< 0.01	0.58	0.86	0.89
Met	1.95	2.10	1.85^b	2.20^a	0.13	0.37	0.04	< 0.01	0.03	0.44	0.43
Phe	3.99	4.02	3.92	4.09	0.19	0.91	0.56	< 0.01	0.01	0.09	0.70
Thr	11.8	11.9	12.0	11.6	0.83	0.94	0.72	< 0.01	0.95	0.76	0.97
Val	23.6	26.0	24.1	25.5	1.14	0.15	0.40	< 0.01	0.70	0.57	0.85
Ala	21.6	22.2	21.5	22.2	1.1	0.65	0.62	< 0.01	0.09	0.35	0.79
Arg	13.6	14.2	13.2	14.7	0.68	0.50	0.13	< 0.01	0.87	0.02	0.99
Asn	4.03	4.54	4.18	4.38	0.31	0.25	0.65	< 0.01	0.76	0.79	0.89
Asp	1.03	1.07	1.05	1.05	0.05	0.52	0.90	< 0.01	0.14	0.71	0.85
Glu	6.58^b	7.73^a	7.11	7.16	0.39	0.03	0.92	< 0.01	0.95	0.03	0.04
Gln	27.5^b	31.2^a	29.0	29.6	0.98	0.01	0.62	< 0.01	0.42	0.23	0.83
Gly	27.8	27.1	26.5	28.4	1.1	0.67	0.19	< 0.01	0.25	0.35	0.99
Pro	9.95	10.3	9.88	10.4	0.47	0.50	0.38	< 0.01	0.69	0.74	0.88
Ser	8.35	8.23	7.84	8.74	0.35	0.82	0.08	< 0.01	0.36	0.31	0.96
Tau	0.95	0.92	0.89	0.98	0.04	0.58	0.08	< 0.01	0.73	0.01	0.08
Tyr	4.28	4.68	4.34	4.62	0.26	0.28	0.45	0.01	0.51	0.33	0.78
Orn	0.71	0.76	0.69	0.78	0.04	0.37	0.12	< 0.01	0.43	0.35	0.78
3-methyl-His	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.01	0.52	0.86	< 0.01	0.06	0.95	0.14