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Table 4 Summary of research on the net energy content of ingredients conducted in the past decade (MJ/kg DM)
| Authors | Ingredients | Pigs | NE | NE/ME | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinson et al. (2009) [53] | Soybean meal | Growing | 7.66 | – | Comparative slaughter |
| Finishing | 10.08 | – | |||
| Low-oligosaccharide soybean meal | Growing | 9.14 | – | ||
| Finishing | 11.73 | – | |||
| Glycerol | Growing | 13.44 | – | ||
| Finishing | 16.98 | – | |||
| Kil et al. (2011) [34] | Soybean oil | Growing | 20.19 | – | Comparative slaughter |
| Finishing | 19.33 | – | |||
| Choice white grease | Growing | 25.05 | – | ||
| Finishing | 24.99 | – | |||
| Kil et al. (2013) [35] | Corn | Growing | 9.06 | – | Comparative slaughter |
| Finishing | 11.08 | – | |||
| Stewart et al. (2013) [54] | Soybean hulls | Growing | 1.67 | – | Comparative slaughter |
| Finishing | 4.01 | – | |||
| Wheat middlings | Growing | 4.46 | – | ||
| Finishing | 4.72 | – | |||
| Heo et al. (2014) [55] | Canola meal (Brassica napus) | Growing | 8.80 | 69.8 | Indirect calorimetry |
| Canola meal (Brassica juncea) | 9.80 | 72.6 | |||
| Graham et al. (2014) [39] | Corn DDGS-high oil (12.1% oil)a | Finishing | 12.99 | 81.7 | Estimating NE efficiency from a growth study |
| Corn DDGS-high oil (9.6% oil) | 11.85 | 74.7 | |||
| Corn DDGS-high oil (9.4% oil) | 11.60 | 71.0 | |||
| Corn DDGS-medium oil (7.6% oil) | 10.61 | 75.3 | |||
| Corn DDGS-low oil (5.4% oil) | 9.61 | 66.0 | |||
| Gutierrez et al. (2014) [36] | Corn DDGS-BPXb | Growing | 8.78 | – | Comparative slaughter |
| Finishing | 8.46 | – | |||
| Corn DDGS (13.0% oil) | Growing | 9.10 | – | ||
| Finishing | 11.57 | – | |||
| High protein DDG | Growing | 9.68 | – | ||
| Finishing | 9.17 | – | |||
| Liu et al. (2014 and 2015) [9, 10] (MAFIC work) | Corn | Growing | 13.21 | 81.0 | Indirect calorimetry |
| Soybean meal | 10.62 | 64.3 | |||
| Wheat bran | 7.78 | 71.6 | |||
| Wheat | 11.44 | 74.6 | |||
| Corn DDGS-high oil (10.6% oil) | 10.21 | 66.5 | |||
| Canola meal | 8.38 | 72.0 | |||
| Cottonseed meal | 7.32 | 72.9 | |||
| Li et al. (2017) [11] (MAFIC work) | Corn DDGS-high oil (11.2% oil) | Growing | 10.47 | 70.0 | Indirect calorimetry |
| Corn DDGS-high oil (10.7% oil) | 10.98 | 77.0 | |||
| Corn DDGS-medium oil (7.6% oil) | 10.96 | 70.8 | |||
| Corn DDGS-low oil (4.7% oil) | 9.49 | 67.7 | |||
| Corn DDGS-low oil (3.6% oil) | 9.28 | 69.0 | |||
| Velayudhan et al. (2015) [42] | Dry extruded expelled SBM | Growing | 10.64 | 75.7 | Indirect calorimetry |
| Li et al. (2018) [14](MAFIC work) | Rice bran | Growing | 12.33 | 77.9 | Indirect calorimetry |
| Corn germ meal | 8.75 | 72.4 | |||
| Corn gluten feed | 7.51 | 78.5 | |||
| Peanut meal | 10.75 | 75.3 | |||
| Sunflower meal | 6.49 | 67.2 | |||
| Li et al. (2017) [13](MAFIC work) | Rapeseed meal-expeller press | Growing | 10.14 | 72.2 | Indirect calorimetry |
| Rapeseed meal-expeller press | 11.46 | 80.1 | |||
| Rapeseed meal-solvent extracted | 7.98 | 65.3 | |||
| Rapeseed meal-solvent extracted | 9.47 | 75.1 | |||
| Rapeseed meal-solvent extracted | 7.91 | 72.7 | |||
| Li et al. (2017) [12] (MAFIC work) | Corn | Growing | 12.46 | 78.3 | Indirect calorimetry |
| Soybean meal | 11.34 | 70.2 | |||
| Rapeseed meal-expeller press | 11.71 | 74.7 | |||
| Rapeseed meal-solvent extracted | 8.83 | 76.5 |
