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Table 4 Effects of sow breed and season on the identified colostrum metabolites

From: Metabolomics characterization of colostrum in three sow breeds and its influences on piglets’ survival and litter growth rates

Metabolite

Breeda

SEM

P-value

Seasonb

SEM

P-value

D

L

LW

1

2

3

4

Lactate

5.38

6.7

8.88

1.85

0.506

4.93

10.18

8.71

4.13

1.81

0.495

Alanine

1.77

2.2

2.44

0.17

0.04

1.65

2.5

2.51

1.88

0.17

0.04

Acetate

9.57

11.17

9.9

0.91

0.378

13.59

7.55

5.95

13.77

0.89

<.0001

N-Acetylglutamate

6.35

9.9

14.03

3.77

0.453

7.94

9.69

8.53

14.21

3.69

0.776

N-Acetylglucosamine

10.9

15.4

11.7

1.6

0.003

10.6

14

13.8

12.3

1.6

0.149

UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine

22.4

34.4

33.9

2.2

0.014

26.2

33.4

33.8

27.4

2.1

0.324

O-Acetylcholine

77.1

196.9

156.6

13.9

0.002

101.7

148.4

171.7

152.3

13.6

0.115

Succinate

2.21

3.26

3.5

0.19

0.01

2.59

3.26

3.55

2.55

0.21

0.329

Citrate

209

301

257

13

0.002

246

286

265

228

12

0.101

Dimethylamine

2.86

4.44

4.51

0.49

0.091

2.3

5.19

5.39

2.85

0.48

0.0003

Creatine

39.8

59.9

58.7

3.4

0.014

40.9

59

64.7

46.6

3.3

0.002

Creatine Phosphate

3.4

7.99

8.01

0.88

0.015

1.9

8.5

10.78

4.69

0.86

<.0001

Creatinine

13.6

16.7

16.5

1.1

0.622

19.9

11.8

11.6

19.2

1.1

<.0001

cis-Aconitate

1.41

1.93

1.74

0.14

0.029

1.1

2.14

2.28

1.26

0.14

<.0001

Choline

7.82

10.62

9.91

1.19

0.665

8.86

11.64

9.43

7.87

1.16

0.961

sn-Glycerophosphocholine

446

543

414

38

0.038

430

457

507

477

37

0.507

Myo-inositol

63.53

76.95

82.86

3.76

0.012

62.58

73.17

81.13

80.91

3.68

0.085

Taurine

1.57

4.1

6.05

0.87

0.015

0.98

6.23

6.19

2.21

0.85

0.005

Lactose

458

579

811

30

<.0001

535

644

667

619

30

0.136

UDP-glucose

6.07

9.78

6.23

0.54

<.0001

6.08

7.3

8.09

7.97

0.54

0.198

Glycolate

28.1

39.8

45.8

2.4

0.0006

28.4

41.8

45.9

35.6

2.3

0.001

UDP-galactose

32.6

74

42.5

4

<.0001

39.3

54.2

61.4

44

3.9

0.005

Uridine

3.14

3.72

3.23

0.38

0.601

3.05

3.55

3.49

3.37

0.38

0.463

Formate

4.49

4.43

4.03

0.35

0.06

6.27

3.04

2.29

5.67

0.34

<.0001

UMP

13.3

24.2

21.6

1.7

0.096

21.82

16.04

16.84

24.08

1.91

0.01

  1. Mean of the identified metabolites are expressed as absolute area
  2. aThe Breed is assigned as D for Duroc, L for Landrace and LW for Large White
  3. bThe seasons were assigned as follows: 1 = if the parturition was included in the period between the 1st of December and the 28th of February; 2 = between the 1st of March and the 31st of May; 3 = between the 1st of June and the 31st of August; 4 = between the 1st of September and the 30th of November