Long-term effects of early antibiotic intervention on blood parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbial fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary protein levels

Table 5 Effects of early antibiotic intervention on serum biochemical indexes of pigs with different CP level diets¹

Item	Low-CP		Normal-CP		SEM	P-value²
Item	Con	Ant	Con	Ant	SEM	Ant	CP	Ant × CP
d 77
Total protein, g/L	62.00	66.21	63.61	70.79	1.67	0.082	0.031	0.643
Albumin, g/L	17.73^b	23.20^a	18.04^b	19.45^b	0.66	<0.001	0.122	0.049
Globulin, g/L	44.27	43.01	45.57	51.34	1.73	0.553	0.178	0.342
Glucose, mmol/L	4.39^c	5.58^a	5.44^ab	5.26^b	0.14	0.004	0.189	0.002
Urea, mmol/L	2.12^b	2.16^b	2.46^b	3.26^a	0.12	0.003	<0.001	0.003
Cholesterol, mmol/L	1.87	1.89	1.97	2.09	0.05	0.890	0.223	0.080
Triglyceride, mmol/L	0.45	0.60	0.63	0.75	0.03	0.039	0.145	0.323
HDLC, mmol/L	0.77	0.81	0.84	0.88	0.02	0.132	0.651	0.241
LDLC, mmol/L	1.03	0.99	1.04	1.14	0.04	0.430	0.045	0.603
d 185
Total protein, g/L	66.62	65.14	65.26	69.34	1.45	0.378	0.342	0.072
Albumin, g/L	31.60	32.64	33.48	31.78	0.73	0.664	0.489	0.081
Globulin, g/L	35.02^ab	32.50^b	31.78^b	37.56^a	1.56	0.313	0.567	0.022
Glucose, mmol/L	4.54^b	4.88^b	5.54^a	4.78^b	0.12	0.245	0.021	0.011
Urea, mmol/L	4.38	4.12	5.02	6.04	0.26	0.352	0.004	0.134
Cholesterol, mmol/L	2.10	1.97	2.15	2.20	0.07	0.793	0.322	0.542
Triglyceride, mmol/L	0.46	0.45	0.61	0.57	0.03	0.684	0.020	0.743
HDLC, mmol/L	0.85	0.77	0.91	0.95	0.02	0.593	0.011	0.151
LDLC, mmol/L	0.99	0.99	1.01	0.91	0.04	0.572	0.712	0.574

HDLC, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDLC, low density lipoprotein–cholesterol
^a-cMeans in the same row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05)
¹The commercial creep feed with or without in-feed antibiotics (50 mg/kg olaquindox, 50 mg/kg oxytetracycline calcium, and 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) was fed to pig from d 7 to d 42. Thereafter, the Con and Ant group were further randomly assigned to provide a normal (20%, 18%, 14% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, d 120 to d 185, respectively) or low CP diet (16%, 14%, 10% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, d 120 to d 185, respectively), respectively. ²The P values indicate main effects for antibiotic (Ant), protein level (CP) and their interaction (Ant x CP), respectively

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