From: Fetal and neonatal programming of postnatal growth and feed efficiency in swine
Variable | 10% CP | 12% CP | 14% CP | 16% CP | Pooled SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentrations of AAs and metabolites in maternal plasma | |||||
 Arginine, μmol/L | 189d | 204c | 221b | 238a | 3.5 |
 Cystine + cysteine, μmol/L | 234d | 268c | 291b | 314a | 4.2 |
 Glutamate, μmol/L | 85 | 89 | 92 | 94 | 2.6 |
 Glutamine, μmol/L | 352d | 378c | 395b | 417a | 5.4 |
 Glycine, μmol/L | 608d | 631c | 662b | 698a | 7.3 |
 Leucine, μmol/L | 144d | 162c | 189b | 208a | 4.0 |
 Lysine, μmol/L | 112d | 131c | 150b | 174a | 2.8 |
 Methionine, μmol/L | 36d | 43c | 55b | 62a | 1.5 |
 Ornithine, μmol/L | 64d | 78c | 92b | 116a | 2.4 |
 Proline, μmol/L | 240d | 276c | 304b | 345a | 5.6 |
 Serine, μmol/L | 146d | 163c | 185b | 207a | 2.9 |
 Tryptophan, μmol/L | 41d | 53c | 64b | 77a | 1.1 |
 Ammonia, μmol/L | 56d | 70c | 81b | 93a | 1.7 |
 Urea, mmol/L | 1.67d | 2.02c | 2.46b | 2.88a | 0.061 |
Reproductive performance of gilts | |||||
 Total piglets born per litter, n | 10.72 | 10.98 | 10.83 | 10.76 | 0.089 |
 Total piglets born alive per litter, n | 9.62bc | 9.95a | 9.74b | 9.48c | 0.067 |
 Average birth weight of all piglets born, kg | 1.33 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 0.012 |
 Average birth weight of all piglets born alive, kg | 1.34 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 0.011 |
 Total litter weight at birth for all piglets born, kg | 14.2b | 14.8a | 14.5ab | 14.3b | 0.14 |
 Total litter weight at birth for all live piglets, kg | 12.7c | 13.5a | 13.1b | 12.6c | 0.11 |
 Piglets born dead per litter, n | 1.10b | 1.03b | 1.09b | 1.28a | 0.048 |
 Variations in birth weights among all piglets born,2% | 18.3a | 17.1b | 18.1a | 18.7a | 0.30 |
 Variation in birth weights among all piglets born alive,2% | 16.1a | 15.0b | 16.4a | 16.8a | 0.28 |
Survival and growth of live-born piglets before weaning | |||||
 Milk intake of sow-reared piglets,3 mL/kg BW per day | 179 | 184 | 186 | 180 | 7.4 |
 Total piglets weaned per litter, n | 8.46c | 9.04a | 8.76b | 8.53c | 0.053 |
 Total litter weight at weaning (21 days of age), kg | 45.2c | 49.0a | 47.3b | 46.0c | 0.36 |