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Table 1 Ingredient and analyzed chemical composition of diets fed during close-up (-30 d to calving) and early lactation (1 to 30 d in milk)

From: Peripheral leukocyte and endometrium molecular biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress are altered in peripartal dairy cows supplemented with Zn, Mn, and Cu from amino acid complexes and Co from Co glucoheptonate

Componenta

Far-off

Close-up

Early lactation

Ingredient, % of DM

 Alfalfa silage

12.2

7.6

4.9

 Alfalfa hay

-

3.5

3.9

 Corn silage

33.6

38.9

33.1

 Wheat straw

34.8

8.4

2.6

 Cottonseed

-

-

3.9

 Wet brewers grains

-

6.1

9.4

 Ground shelled corn

4.9

18.8

22.6

 Soy hulls

2.0

4.1

3.9

 Soybean meal, 48% CP

8.9

3.0

5.6

 Expeller soybean mealb

-

0.7

0.2

 SoyChlorc

0.2

2.3

-

 Blood meal 85% CP

1.0

0.6

0.3

 Molasses

-

0.4

-

 Urea

0.3

-

0.7

 Rumen-inert fatd

-

-

2.0

 Limestone

0.8

2.2

1.6

 Salt (plain)

0.3

-

0.3

 Ammonium chloride

-

1.14

-

 Dicalcium phosphate

0.1

0.3

0.4

 Magnesium oxide

-

0.1

0.1

 Magnesium sulfate

0.2

1.4

0.3

 Sodium bicarbonate

-

-

0.7

 Calcium sulfate

-

-

0.1

 Mineral-vitamin mixe

0.2

0.2

0.2

 Vitamin Af

0.02

0.03

0.04

 Vitamin Dg

0.01

0.02

0.02

 Vitamin Eh

0.36

0.36

0.20

Chemical analysis

 NEL, Mcal/kg DM

1.25

1.59

1.67

 CP, % DM

14.4

14.3

18.7

 NDF, % DM

53.0

39.1

35.9

 ADF, % DM

34.5

23.9

22.2

 Zn, mg/kg of DM

103

83

69

 Mn, mg/kg of DM

84

76

70

 Cu, mg/kg of DM

15.5

14.4

12.3

 CO, mg/kg of DM

0.83

0.72

0.19

  1. aBasal close up and lactation diets were considered as basal diet plus
  2. inorganic trace minerals, or basal diet plus organic trace minerals
  3. bSoyPLUS (West Central Soy, Ralston, IA)
  4. cSoyChlor (West Central Soy)
  5. dEnergy Booster 100 (MSC, Carpentersville, IL)
  6. eContained a minimum of 4.3% Mg, 8% S, 6.1% K, 2.0% Fe, 3.0% Zn,
  7. 3.0% Mn, 5,000 mg/kg of Cu, 250 mg/kg of I, 40 mg/kg of Co, 150
  8. mg/kg of Se, 2,200 kIU/kg of vitamin A, 660 kIU/kg of vitamin D3,
  9. and 7,700 IU/kg of vitamin E
  10. fContained 30,000 kIU/kg
  11. gContained 5,009 kIU/kg
  12. hContained 44,000 IU/kg