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Table 2 Antihypertensive peptides generated from the hydrolysis of animal products

From: Protein hydrolysates in animal nutrition: Industrial production, bioactive peptides, and functional significance

Source

Protease(s)

Amino acid sequence

IC50, μmol/La

Pig muscle myosin

Thermolysin

Ile-Thr-Thr-Asn-Pro

549

Pig muscle myosin

Pepsin

Lys-Arg-Val-Ile-Thr-Tyr

6.1

Pig muscle actin

Pepsin

Val-Lys-Arg-Gly-Phe

20.3

Pig muscle troponin

Pepsin

Lys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Asp-Ile

26.2

Pig muscle

Pepsin + Pancreatin

Lys-Leu-Pro

500

Pig muscle

Pepsin + Pancreatin

Arg-Pro-Arg

382

Chicken muscle

Thermolysin

Leu-Ala-Pro

3.2

Chicken muscle myosin

Thermolysin

Phe-Gln-Lys-Pro-Lys-Arg

14

Chicken muscle

Thermolysin

Ile-Lys-Trp

0.21

Chicken collagen

Aspergillus proteases + Proteases FP, A, G and N

Gly-Ala-X-Gly-Leu-X-Gly-Pro

29.4

Cow muscle

Thermolysin + Proteinase A

Val-Leu-Ala-Gln-Tyr-Lys

32.1

Cow muscle

Thermolysin + Proteinase A

Phe-His-Gly

52.9

Cow muscle

Proteinase K

Gly-Phe-His-Ile

64.3

Cow skin gelatin

Alcalase + Pronase E + Collagenase

Gly-Pro-Val

4.67

Cow skin gelatin

Alcalase + Pronase E + Collagenase

Gly-Pro-Leu

2.55

Bonito (fish) muscle

Thermolysin

Leu-Lys-Pro-Asn-Met

2.4

Bonito (fish) muscle

Thermolysin

Leu-Lys-Pro

0.32

Bonito (fish) muscle

Thermolysin

Ile-Lys-Pro

6.9

Salmon muscle

Thermolysin

Val-Trp

2.5

Salmon muscle

Thermolysin

Met-Trp

9.9

Salmon muscle

Thermolysin

Ile-Trp

4.7

Sardine muscle

Alcalase

Ile-Tyr

10.5

Sardine muscle

Alcalase

Ala-Lys-Lys

3.13

Sardine muscle

Alcalase

Gly-Trp-Ala-Pro

3.86

Sardine muscle

Alcalase

Lys-Tyr

1.63

Alaska pollack skin

Alcalase + Pronase + Collagenase

Gly-Pro-Leu

2.65

Alaska pollack skin

Alcalase + Pronase + Collagenase

Gly-Pro-Met

17.1

Shark muscle

Protease SM98011

Glu-Tyr

1.98

Shark muscle

Protease SM98012

Phe-Glu

2.68

Shark muscle

Protease SM98013

Cys-Phe

1.45

Egg yolk

Pepsin

Tyr-Ile-Glu-Ala-Val-Asn-Lys-Val-Ser-Pro-Arg-Ala-Gly-Gln-Phe

9.4b

Egg yolk

Pepsin

Tyr-Ile-Asn-Gln-Met-Pro-Gln-Lys-Ser-Arg-Glu

10.1b

  1. Adapted from Ryan JT et al. [28], Ryder et al. [33], and Zambrowicz et al. [34]
  2. “X” hydroxyproline
  3. aInhibition of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity. All values are expressed as μM, except for egg yolk-derived peptides (μg/mL) as indicated by a superscript “b”