Use of Asian selected agricultural byproducts to modulate rumen microbes and fermentation

Table 3 Effect of selected agricultural byproducts containing saponins and other phenolics on dry matter (DM) digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial abundance

Byproduct	Main compounds involved	Tested by	Dosed at	DM digestibility, %	Total VFA, mmol/dL	Inhibition, %			Abundance, relative %					Reference
Byproduct	Main compounds involved	Tested by	Dosed at			Methane	Ammonia	Protozoa	Meth	Fungi	Fs	Rf	Ra	Reference
Tea seed/seed meal	Saponins	Batch culture	0.4 mg/mL	-	ns	8.0	-	51.3	ns	↓	↑	ns	-	[38]
		Feeding (sheep)	3 g/d^a	-	ns	10.6	13.2	43.2	ns	ns	↓	ns	ns	[36]
		Feeding (steer)	0.24–0.38% of DMI	-	ns	15.6	-	ns	ns	-	↑	↓	↑	[37]
		Feeding (growing lamb)	0.41% of DMI	-	↑	27.5	ns	41.1	ns	ns	-	ns	ns	[35]
Thai bllueberry seed	Saponins	Feeding (goat)	0.8–24% of DMI	ns	ns	2.2–8.0	ns	ns	-	-	-	-	-	[46]
Fenugreek seed	Saponins	Batch culture	0.14–0.29 mg/mL	-	ns	1.8–2.0	-	15.0–39.0	↓	↓	↑	↑	-	[41]
Mangosteen peel	Saponins, tannins	Feeding (dairy cow)	100–300 g/d^a	-	-	5.5–13.8	-	20.5–47.1	↓	ns	ns	ns	ns	[47]
Eucarypus leaf meal	Cineol, cryptone etc.	Feeding (swamp buffalo)	0.7–2.0% of DMI	ns	↑	8.4–13.9	12.7–33.9	5.5–22.0	-	-	-	-	-	{51}

Meth methanogen, Fs Fibrobacter succinogenes, Rf Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ra Ruminococcus albus
-, No data available
ns, Not significantly changed
↑, Significantly increased
↓, Significantly decreased
^aDosage could not be expressed as % of dry matter intake (DMI) due to lack of data on feed intake

ISSN: 2049-1891