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Table 2 Identities and relative abundance (mean average of three replicates) of the compounds released upon pyrolysis GC/MS of autoclaved wheat straw before and after treatment with L. edodes for 2, 4, 8 and 12 wk

From: Selective ligninolysis of wheat straw and wood chips by the white-rot fungus Lentinula edodes and its influence on in vitro rumen degradability

Label

Compound

Origina

Time, wk

0

2

4

8

12

1

(2H)-furan-3-one

C

3.4

4.1

4.4

4.9

5.2

2

Propanal

C

6.1

5.4

4.4

4.7

6.7

3

Furfural

C

6.0

10.1

10.4

11.2

9.7

4

2,3-dihydro-5-methylfuran-2-one

C

6.0

5.4

5.1

5.4

7.0

5

(5H)-furan-2-one

C

4.6

3.8

3.9

3.8

4.9

6

4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-(2H)-pyran-2-one

C

7.9

10.9

10.8

9.1

6.5

7

2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one

C

3.4

3.0

3.8

5.4

5.9

8

Phenol

LH

1.1

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.0

9

Guaiacol

LG

3.4

2.5

2.4

2.2

1.6

10

3-hydroxy-2-methyl-(4H)-pyran-4-one

C

1.0

1.1

1.7

2.5

2.7

11

4-hydroxymethyl-1,4-butyrolactone

C

2.9

3.1

2.7

2.8

3.9

12

4-methylguaiacol

LG

1.3

1.0

0.7

0.5

0.3

13

4-ethylguaiacol

LG

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

14

5-hydroxymethyl-2-tetrahydrofuraldehyde-3-one

C

1.7

1.5

2.4

2.8

3.0

15

1,4-anhydroarabinofuranose

C

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.6

1.3

16

4-vinylphenol

LH/PCA

9.3

6.3

3.1

2.2

0.8

17

4-vinylguaiacol

LG/FA

8.3

5.3

2.9

2.1

0.8

18

Eugenol

LG

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.0

19

5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde

C

1.7

3.3

3.6

3.2

4.7

20

Syringol

LS

2.9

2.1

1.7

0.8

0.5

21

cis-isoeugenol

LG

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

22

1,4-dideoxy-d-glycerohex-1-enopyranos-3-ulose

C

0.8

1.0

1.4

2.0

1.7

23

trans-isoeugenol

LG

1.5

0.9

0.6

0.4

0.2

24

1,4-anhydroxylofuranose

C

2.4

2.1

3.5

2.8

2.4

25

4-methylsyringol

LS

1.4

1.2

0.7

0.2

0.1

26

Vanillin

LG

1.8

1.0

1.0

0.6

0.3

27

4-ethylsyringol

LS

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

28

vanillic acid methyl ester

LG

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

29

Acetovanillone

LG

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.3

30

4-vinylsyringol

LS

2.2

1.2

0.7

0.3

0.2

31

Guaiacylacetone

LS

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

32

4-allyl-syringol

LS

0.6

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.0

33

Propiovanillone

LG

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

34

cis-4-propenylsyringol

LS

0.4

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.0

35

trans-4-propenylsyringol

LS

2.0

1.5

0.4

0.3

0.1

36

Levoglucosane

C

10.0

15.6

21.6

25.1

27.3

37

syringaldehyde

LS

0.9

0.5

0.4

0.2

0.1

38

syringic acid methyl ester

LS

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

39

acetosyringone

LS

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.1

40

syringylacetone

LS

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

41

propiosyringone

LS

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

 

% Lignin

40.4

27.9

18.1

12.6

7.1

 

% Carbohydrates

59.6

72.1

81.9

87.4

92.9

 

Lignin/Carbohydrate ratio

0.7

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

 

H

10

7

4

3

2

 

G

18

12

9

7

4

 

S

12

8

5

3

1

 

Syringyl/Guaiacyl ratio

0.7

0.7

0.5

0.4

0.4

 

(Syringyl/Guaiacyl)except vinyl ratiob

1.0

1.0

0.7

0.5

0.4

 

Ph-C0-2/Ph-C3c

5.7

6.0

8.2

9.5

10.9

 

% Cα-oxidized lignin

10.2

11.5

15.2

15.2

16.4

 

% Cα-oxidized G-units

5.9

6.5

9.4

10.4

11.3

 

% Cα-oxidized S-units

4.4

4.9

5.9

4.8

5.1

  1. aC, carbohydrate-derived compounds; LH, p-hydroxycinnamyl lignin-derived compounds; LG, guaiacyl-lignin derived compounds; S, syringyl-lignin derived compounds; PCA, p-coumarates; FA: ferulates. bAll G- and S-derived peaks were used for the estimation of the S/G ratio, except 4-vinylguaiacol (which also arises from ferulates), and the analogous 4-vinylsyringol. cRatio of lignin-derived phenols with none, 1 and 2 carbons in the side-chain to lignin-derived phenols with 3 carbons in the side-chain