Fig. 1

A hierarchical clustering analysis for the significantly different urine metabolites. The patterns in each row were determined using an average linkage hierarchical clustering program. The light blue boxes indicate an expression ratio less than the mean, and the dark red boxes denote an expression ratio greater than the mean. Tree clusters and their shorter Euclidean distances indicate higher similarities. Similarity between two metabolites is represented by branch height; thus, when a node is lower vertically, the subtree is more similar