Items | Normal semen quality | Poor semen quality |
---|---|---|
 | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD |
Volume, mL | 7.8 ± 2.5* | 8.1 ± 1* |
Concentration, × 106 sperm/mL | 1192 ± 203* | 1048 ± 171* |
Total sperm/ejaculate, × 106 sperm/mL | 10546 ± 3226* | 9432 ± 1704* |
Normal morphology, % | 89.3 ± 3.7* | 64.8 ± 11.6§ |
Non-sperm cells, % | 0.02 ± 0.03* | 2.9 ± 0.8§ |
TM, % | 84 ± 7* | 73 ± 4§ |
PM, % | 73 ± 3* | 59 ± 2§ |
VAP, μm/s | 156.8 ± 20.4* | 140.5 ± 11.7§ |
VSL, μm/s | 131.8 ± 14.3* | 119 ± 8.9§ |
VCL, μm/s | 264.7 ± 40.8* | 223.8 ± 17.6§ |
ALH, μm | 9 ± 1.1* | 8.7 ± 0.3* |
BCF, Hz | 44.6 ± 0.6* | 42.9 ± 1.7* |
STR, % | 84 ± 2* | 85 ± 2* |
LIN, % | 52 ± 3* | 50 ± 1* |
PI-, PSA-, % | 80.4 ± 10.1* | 73.5 ± 8.4* |
PI-, PSA+, % | 0.3 ± 0.1* | 0.5 ± 0.2* |
PI+, PSA-, % | 16.7 ± 2.7* | 21.9 ± 3.1* |
PI+, PSA+, % | 2.6 ± 0.3* | 3.1 ± 0.5* |
h-MMP, % | 66.8 ± 5.4* | 62.6 ± 6.9* |