The effect of increased atmospheric temperature and CO2 concentration during crop growth on the chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of wheat straw

Table 4 Effects of CO₂ and temperature treatments on in vitro VFA at 24 and 48 h of wheat straw

Index, mmol/L	Time, h	CK	CO₂	TEM	CO₂ + TEM	S.E.M	P- Value²
TVFA¹	24	17.52 ± 0.17^a	15.04 ± 0.02^b	16.90 ± 0.38^a	12.42 ± 0.23^c	0.63	*
TVFA¹	48	38.83 ± 1.96^a	34.95 ± 0.30^ab	37.11 ± 1.41^a	32.50 ± 1.07^b	0.91	*
Acetate	24	11.10 ± 0.29^a	9.18 ± 0.23^b	10.32 ± 0.30^a	6.95 ± 0.07^c	0.52	*
Acetate	48	23.97 ± 0.94^a	21.17 ± 0.45^bc	22.23 ± 0.73^ab	19.17 ± 0.63^c	0.61	*
Propionate	24	4.94 ± 0.14	4.54 ± 0.26	5.12 ± 0.47	4.19 ± 0.32	0.17	ns
Propionate	48	11.37 ± 0.61	10.65 ± 0.19	11.42 ± 0.53	10.24 ± 0.41	0.25	ns
Butyrate	24	1.33 ± 0.12	1.14 ± 0.03	1.25 ± 0.11	1.10 ± 0.08	0.07	ns
Butyrate	48	2.98 ± 0.37	2.49 ± 0.07	2.81 ± 0.20	2.43 ± 0.11	0.12	ns
Acetate : propionate	24	2.25 ± 0.10	2.04 ± 0.18	2.06 ± 0.25	1.68 ± 0.13	0.1	ns
Acetate : propionate	48	2.11 ± 0.04	1.99 ± 0.06	1.95 ± 0.06	1.88 ± 0.05	0.03	ns

^a,b,c Values within a column with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)
¹VFA: volatile fatty acid. ²ns = non-significant (P > 0.05), * = significant (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 2049-1891