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Table 1 Effect of injected DNA concentration on embryo development and transgene expression

From: Optimized production of transgenic buffalo embryos and offspring by cytoplasmic zygote injection

DNA Concentration

n

N

Cleavage(% ± SD)

Blastocyst development

EGFP+ Blastocysts

Net yield EGFP+

(% ± SD)a

(% ± SD)b

Blastocysts (% ± SD)c

0 ng/μL

3

57

49 (86.0 ± 4.9)

18 (31.6 ± 4.1)d

0

0

5 ng/μL

3

110

83 (75.5 ± 2.1)

28 (25.5 ± 1.7)de

8 (28.6 ± 5.6)d

7.3 ± 1.6

20 ng/μL

3

98

72 (73.5 ± 1.8)

22 (22.4 ± 6.8)de

15 (68.2 ± 5.8)e

15.3 ± 3.7

50 ng/μL

3

106

76 (71.7 ± 5.6)

15 (14.2 ± 3.8)e

12 (80.0 ± 18.0)e

11.3 ± 3.8

  1. n number of independent experiments;a proportion of embryos placed into IVC (N) that developed into D7 blastocysts (B) grade 1–3;b proportion of EGFP+ blastocysts out of total D7 blastocysts;c proportion of EGFP+ blastocysts out of N;d, e rows with different superscripts within a column differ P < 0.05 from non-injected control (‘0 ng/μL’)