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Table 2 Experimental diets for the study (phase 2)

From: Amino acid fortified diets for weanling pigs replacing fish meal and whey protein concentrate: Effects on growth, immune status, and gut health

Items, %

FM-WPC1

FM-AA2

WPC-AA3

AA4

Corn grain

50.00

54.15

51.54

55.65

Soybean meal, without hulls

20.00

20.00

20.00

20.00

Whey powder

15.00

15.00

15.00

15.00

Plasma protein5

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

Whey protein concentrate

5.60

0.00

5.60

0.00

Fish meal, Menhaden

3.00

3.00

0.00

0.00

DL-Met

0.00

0.07

0.05

0.12

L-Thr

0.00

0.11

0.06

0.17

L-Val

0.00

0.09

0.07

0.16

L-Trp

0.00

0.04

0.02

0.05

L-Ile

0.00

0.09

0.06

0.15

L-Lys6

0.00

0.30

0.25

0.55

Aureomycin100

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Vitamin-mineral premix7

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

Dical P

0.20

0.45

0.65

0.90

Ground limestone

0.90

0.95

1.05

1.10

Salt

0.30

0.30

0.30

0.30

Poultry fat

1.45

1.90

1.80

2.30

Total

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

Chemical composition:

DM %

90.3

90.0

90.3

90.1

ME, kcal/kg

3,394

3,392

3,394

3,394

CP, %

22.0

21.0

20.7

19.6

SID8 Lys, %

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

SID Met, %

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

SID Trp, %

0.24

0.24

0.24

0.24

SID Thr, %

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.80

SID Val, %

0.91

0.91

0.91

0.91

SID Ile, %

0.76

0.76

0.76

0.76

Ca, %

0.82

0.82

0.82

0.82

Available P, %

0.41

0.41

0.41

0.41

Total P, %

0.61

0.62

0.61

0.62

Analyzed value:

CP, DM basis, %

23.6

19.9

19.2

18.8

  1. 1FM-WPC: a control diet with fish meal and whey protein concentrate.
  2. 2FM-AA: a diet with fish meal and amino acids replacing whey protein concentrate.
  3. 3WPC-AA: a diet with whey protein concentrate and amino acids replacing fish meal.
  4. 4AA: a diet with amino acids replacing both fish meal and whey protein concentrate.
  5. 5APC-920 (APC Inc).
  6. 6Biolys (Evonik-Degussa).
  7. 7Vitamin-mineral premix provided the following per kilogram of complete phase 1 diet: 62.2 mg of manganese as manganese oxide, 100 mg of iron as iron sulfate, 138.4 mg of zinc as zinc oxide, 12.7 mg of copper as copper oxide, 0.96 mg of iodide as ethylenediamine dihydroiodide, 0.3 mg of selenium as sodium selenite, 10,072 IU of vitamin A as vitamin A acetate, 1,100 IU of vitamin D3, 82.5 IU of vitamin E, 5.9 IU of vitamin K as menadione sodium bisulfite, 73.2 μg of vitamin B12, 18.3 mg of riboflavin, 58.5 mg of d-pantothenic acid as calcium pantothenate, 73.2 mg of niacin, and 6.4 g of choline as choline chloride.
  8. 8SID: Standardized ileal digestible.