Amino acid fortified diets for weanling pigs replacing fish meal and whey protein concentrate: Effects on growth, immune status, and gut health

Table 1 Experimental diets for the study (phase 1)

Items, %	FM-WPC¹	FM-AA²	WPC-AA³	AA⁴
Corn grain	40.75	47.66	43.44	50.20
Soybean meal, without hulls	11.00	11.00	11.00	11.00
Whey powder	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00
Plasma protein⁵	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Whey protein concentrate	9.35	0.00	9.35	0.00
Fish meal, Menhaden	5.00	5.00	0.00	0.00
DL-Met	0.00	0.11	0.08	0.19
L-Thr	0.00	0.18	0.10	0.28
L-Val	0.00	0.15	0.11	0.26
L-Trp	0.00	0.05	0.02	0.08
L-Ile	0.00	0.15	0.10	0.26
L-Lys⁶	0.00	0.50	0.40	0.90
Aureomycin100	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Zinc oxide	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Vitamin-mineral premix⁷	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Dical P	0.00	0.40	0.80	1.20
Ground limestone	0.70	0.80	0.90	1.00
Salt	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Poultry fat	2.00	2.80	2.50	3.43
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Chemical composition:
DM %	91.2	90.8	91.2	90.7
ME, kcal/kg	3411	3410	3409	3412
CP, %	22.56	20.76	20.17	18.45
SID⁸ Lys, %	1.34	1.34	1.34	1.34
SID Met, %	0.68	0.68	0.68	0.68
SID Trp, %	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26
SID Thr, %	0.93	0.93	0.93	0.93
SID Val, %	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99
SID Ile, %	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78
Ca, %	0.91	0.92	0.90	0.91
Available P, %	0.56	0.56	0.56	0.55
Total P, %	0.70	0.72	0.70	0.71
Analyzed value:
CP, DM basis, %	24.5	21.5	22.2	20.3

¹FM-WPC: a control diet with fish meal and whey protein concentrate.
²FM-AA: a diet with fish meal and amino acids replacing whey protein concentrate.
³WPC-AA: a diet with whey protein concentrate and amino acids replacing fish meal.
⁴AA: a diet with amino acids replacing both fish meal and whey protein concentrate.
⁵APC-920 (APC Inc).
⁶Biolys (Evonik-Degussa).
⁷Vitamin-mineral premix provided the following per kilogram of complete phase 1 diet: 62.2 mg of manganese as manganese oxide, 100 mg of iron as iron sulfate, 138.4 mg of zinc as zinc sulfate, 12.7 mg of copper as copper oxide, 0.96 mg of iodide as ethylenediamine dihydroiodide, 0.3 mg of selenium as sodium selenite, 10,072 IU of vitamin A as vitamin A acetate, 1,100 IU of vitamin D3, 82.5 IU of vitamin E, 5.9 IU of vitamin K as menadione sodium bisulfite, 73.2 μg of vitamin B12, 18.3 mg of riboflavin, 58.5 mg of d-pantothenic acid as calcium pantothenate, 73.2 mg of niacin, and 6.4 g of choline as choline chloride.
⁸SID: Standardized ileal digestible.

ISSN: 2049-1891