Improving beef hamburger quality and fatty acid profiles through dietary manipulation and exploitation of fat depot heterogeneity

Table 1 Ingredient, nutrient and fatty acid composition of the dietary treatments

Variable	Dietary treatments
Variable	Control	SS	DDGS-15	DDGS-30
Ingredients, % DM basis
Sunflower-seed	0.0	11.4	9.2	7.0
Dried distiller’ grains with solubles	0.0	0.0	15.0	30.0
Barley grain	25.8	14.4	14.4	14.4
Red Clover	70.0	70.0	57.2	44.4
Vitamin/mineral supplement¹	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2
Nutrient composition, % DM basis					SD
Dry matter	42.6	40.2	44.2	50.1	4.2
Crude protein	13.1	13.4	16.5	20.8	3.6
Crude fat	1.89	6.40	5.80	5.90	2.09
Calcium	0.86	0.92	0.81	0.69	0.10
Phosphorus	0.31	0.32	0.41	0.53	0.10
Acid detergent fibre	33.7	37.0	33.8	28.4	3.6
Neutral detergent fibre	43.3	48.7	44.5	38.5	4.2
Digestible Energy, Mcal/kg	2.71	2.57	2.73	2.91	0.14
Fatty acids, % of total fatty acids
14:0	0.35	0.17	0.15	0.15	0.10
16:0	18.8	10.6	11.9	13.5	3.60
18:0	2.86	4.15	3.67	3.24	0.56
20:0	1.11	0.65	0.49	0.41	0.31
22:0	1.29	1.11	0.85	0.71	0.26
24:0	1.25	0.70	0.52	0.44	0.36
c 9-18:1	9.49	12.4	13.0	13.3	1.75
c 11-18:1	0.93	0.73	0.76	0.78	0.09
18:3n-3	18.9	7.09	6.26	5.59	6.32
18:2n-6	39.0	59.6	60.3	60.1	10.5

SS, sunflower-seed; DDGS-15; 15% wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles + sunflower-seed; DDGS-30, 30% wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles + sunflower-seed; SD, standard deviation; ¹Vitamin/mineral supplement/kg DM contained 1.86% calcium, 0.93% phosphorous, 0.56% potassium, 0.21% sulphur, 0.33% magnesium 0.92% sodium, 265 ppm iron, 314 ppm manganese, 156 ppm copper, 517 ppm zinc, 10.05 ppm iodine, 5.04 ppm cobalt, 2.98 ppm selenium, 49,722 IU/kg vitamin A, 9,944 IU/kg vitamin D3, and 3,222 IU/kg vitamin E.

ISSN: 2049-1891