Effect of reduced energy density of close-up diets on dry matter intake, lactation performance and energy balance in multiparous Holstein cows

Table 1 Composition and analysis of diets fed to Holstein cows during the dry and lactating periods

Item	Far-off diet	Close-up diets¹			Lactation diet²
Item	Far-off diet	HD	MD	LD	Lactation diet²
Ingredients, % DM
Leymus chinensis hay	42.8	13.3	21.7	31.3	-
Alfalfa hay	-	8.4	8.4	8.4	17.2
Whole corn silage	24.7	21.0	21.1	21.0	21.0
Corn	12.0	23.2	14.4	2.0	20.0
Extruded soybean	-	-	-	-	2.6
Soybean meal	2.1	4.5	4.0	3.7	5.8
Rapeseed meal	4.5	4.0	4.0	4.0	1.3
Cottonseed meal	5.0	4.0	4.3	4.5	1.3
Apple pomace	9.2	5.7	7.3	11.4	2.5
Whole cottonseed	-	3.3	3.3	3.3	10.4
DDGS	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.0	10.0
Palm kernel meal	5.1	3.3	3.3	3.3	-
Beet pulp meal	-	-	-	-	3.5
Calcium carbonate	1.2	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.0
Close-up premix³	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.4	-
Lactation premix⁴	-	-	-	-	7
Bergafat⁵	-	2.2	0.9	-	1.6
Yeast culture⁶	0.2	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.4
Sodium bicarbonate	-	-	-	-	0.9
Analysis
DM, %	51.9	51.5	51.5	51.6	52.1
CP, % of DM	12.6	14.0	14.0	14.0	18.2
NDF, % of DM	53.3	37.4	42.9	49.8	31.7
ADF, % of DM	32.4	23.2	26.8	31.5	19.8
NFC, % of DM	22.8	35.0	30.4	23.9	36.9
Crude fat, % of DM	3.1	5.6	4.3	3.3	5.7
NE_L, MJ/kg DM	5.4	6.8	6.2	5.4	7.2
ME, MJ/kg DM	8.7	10.7	10.0	8.8	11.1

¹HD high energy density diet, MD middle energy density diet, LD low energy density diet.
²Lactation diet was fed to cows from parturition to 70 d in milk.
³Close-up premix contained (per kg of premix; DM basis): 2,200,000 IU of vitamin A, 550,000 IU of vitamin D₃, 20,000 IU of vitamin E, 2,000 mg of vitamin PP, 3,750 mg Cu, 5,720 mg Mn, 14,850 mg Zn, 150 mg I, 180 mg Se, 120 mg Co.
⁴Lactation premix contained (per kg of premix; DM basis): 1,000,000 IU of vitamin A, 280,000 IU of vitamin D₃, 10,000 IU of vitamin E, 1,000 mg of vitamin PP, 3,250 mg Cu, 4,800 mg Mn, 12,850 mg Zn, 140 mg I, 150 mg Se, 110 mg Co.
⁵Fractionated palm fatty acids (Berg + Schmidt, Hamburg, Germany).
⁶Diamond V XP, Diamond V Mills, Inc.

ISSN: 2049-1891