Development of feeding systems and strategies of supplementation to enhance rumen fermentation and ruminant production in the tropics

Table 5 Effect of YEFECAP as a protein source in concentrate mixtures on milk production, milk composition and economic return

Items	Treatments				SEM	Contrasts
	T1	T2	T3	T4		L	Q	C
Production
Milk yield, kg/d	13.5	14.0	14.5	15.0	0.27	**	ns	ns
3.5% FCM¹, kg/d	13.7	14.7	15.9	17.1	0.49	**	ns	ns
Milk composition, %
Protein	4.0	4.1	4.5	4.7	0.17	**	ns	ns
Fat	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.5	0.06	**	ns	ns
Lactose	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.7	0.07	ns	ns	ns
Solids-not-fat	8.2	8.4	8.4	8.5	0.29	ns	ns	ns
Total solids	12.3	12.7	12.8	13.0	0.78	ns	ns	ns
Milk urea N, mg/dL	14.8	12.5	12.3	12.0	0.58	*	ns	ns
Economic return, $US/hd/d
Feed cost	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.7	0.14	ns	ns	ns
Milk sale	9.5	9.8	10.2	10.5	0.19	**	ns	ns
Profit	7.0	7.2	7.6	7.8	0.16	**	ns	ns

Source: Wanapat et al. [27].
ns, non-significance.
Level of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by YEFECAP: at 0% (T1), 33% (T2), 67% (T3), 100% (T4).
Feed cost: concentrate T1, 0.38 $US/kg, T2, 0.37 $US/kg, T3, 0.37 $US/kg, T4, 0.35 $US/kg, ULRS, 0.07 $US/kg, Milk price, 0.7 $US/kg.
L, linear, Q, quadratic, C, cubic, SEM, standard error of the means; * P<0.05; ** P<0.01.

ISSN: 2049-1891