Development of feeding systems and strategies of supplementation to enhance rumen fermentation and ruminant production in the tropics

Table 4 Effect of using YEFECAP as a protein source in ruminants on DMI, digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, ruminal microorganisms, and milk production in various studies

Animal	DMI	Dig.	TVFA	C2	C3	C2:C3	Bact	Prot	Fung	MSP	Milk			Reference
Animal	DMI	Dig.	TVFA	C2	C3	C2:C3	Bact	Prot	Fung	MSP	Yield	Fat	Protein	Reference
Lactating dairy cows	↑	↑	↑	nc	↑	↓	↑	nc	↑	nd	↑	↑	↑	[27]
Dairy steers	↑	↑	↑	↓	↑	↓	↑	↓	↑	↑	nd	nd	nd	[37]
Lactating dairy cows	ns	↑	↑	nc	↑	nd	↑	↓	↑	nd	nc	↑	↑	[38]

Abbreviations: DMI dry matter intake, TVFA total volatile fatty acid, C2 acetate, C3 propionate, C2:C3 proportion of acetate to propionate, MPS microbial protein synthesis, increase (↑), decrease (↓) from control group, nd not determined, nc no change.

ISSN: 2049-1891