Development of feeding systems and strategies of supplementation to enhance rumen fermentation and ruminant production in the tropics

Table 2 Effect of of Mago-pel, Maga-lic, Maga-ulic, LLP, MUP, SWEPP on DMI, digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and ruminal microorganisms

Pelleting	Suppl.	Animal	DMI	Dig.	VFA			CH₄	MPS	Prot.	Reference
					C2	C3	C4
MUP	600 g/hd/d	Buffalo	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	↓	nd	↓	[18]
MUP	600 g/hd/d	Buffalo	↑	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	↑	nd	[19]
Mago-pel	300 g/hd/d	Dairy cow	nc	nc	nc	nc	nc	nc	↑	↓	[20]
Maga-lic	200 g/hd/d	Dairy steer	nc	↑	↓	↑	nc	↓	nd	↓	[21]
Maga-ulic	200 g/hd/d	Dairy steer	nc	↑	↓	↑	nc	↓	↑	↓	[22]
LLP	450 g/hd/d	Buffalo	↑	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	↑	↓	[23]

Abbreviations: MUP mulberry leaf pellet, Mago-pel mangosteen peel pellet, Maga-lic mangosteen peel and garlic pellet, Maga-ulic mangosteen peel, garlic and urea pellet, LLP leucaena leaf pellet, VFA volatile fatty acid, C2 acetic acid, C3 propionic acid, C4 butyric acid, CH₄ methane production, increase (↑), decrease (↓) from control group, nd not determined, nc no change.