Items | AH | RS | BF | SEM | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Histomorphology of rumen epithelium | |||||
 Height of papillae, mm | 3.19a | 2.03c | 2.70b | 0.16 | 0.001 |
 Width of papillae, mm | 1.74a | 1.20b | 1.64a | 0.09 | 0.011 |
 Area of papillae, mm2 | 11.46a | 5.82bc | 9.02ab | 0.89 | 0.014 |
 Density of papillae, number/cm2 | 60.70 | 67.83 | 62.09 | 3.42 | 0.706 |
 Total area of papillae, mm2/cm2 | 652.98a | 393.87b | 643.91a | 45.08 | 0.009 |
 Total thickness, μm | 150.48a | 126.02b | 148.11a | 4.09 | 0.008 |
Gene expression for nutrient transports | |||||
 DRA | 0.42b | 1.00a | 1.12a | 0.10 | < 0.001 |
 PAT1 | 0.63b | 1.01a | 1.02a | 0.06 | 0.004 |
 AE2 | 0.74b | 1.02a | 0.86ab | 0.05 | 0.032 |
 MCT1 | 2.44a | 1.00b | 1.78a | 0.21 | 0.002 |
 MCT4 | 1.10 | 1.01 | 1.17 | 0.11 | 0.551 |
 NHE1 | 0.45b | 1.00a | 0.84a | 0.08 | < 0.001 |
 NHE2 | 0.81 | 1.01 | 0.84 | 0.05 | 0.290 |
 NHE3 | 0.80b | 1.00a | 0.78b | 0.04 | 0.005 |
 vH+ATPase | 1.08 | 1.01 | 1.19 | 0.05 | 0.346 |
 Na+/K+ATPase | 0.67b | 1.00a | 0.68b | 0.05 | < 0.001 |
Gene expression for tight junction | |||||
 Claudin-1 | 0.55c | 1.01b | 1.22a | 0.09 | < 0.001 |
 Claudin-4 | 0.90b | 1.02b | 1.44a | 0.08 | 0.005 |
 ZO-1 | 0.30b | 1.00a | 0.98a | 0.10 | < 0.001 |
 Occludin | 0.57b | 1.02a | 1.31a | 0.11 | 0.002 |
Gene expression for cell proliferation | |||||
 CDK-2 | 0.86 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 0.05 | 0.219 |
 CDK-4 | 0.92b | 1.00b | 1.32a | 0.06 | 0.001 |
 CDK-6 | 0.93b | 1.01ab | 1.22a | 0.05 | 0.042 |
 CyclinA2 | 0.56c | 1.04b | 1.54a | 0.13 | 0.001 |
 CyclinD1 | 0.93 | 1.04 | 0.95 | 0.07 | 0.790 |
 CyclinE1 | 1.10b | 1.01b | 1.37a | 0.06 | 0.007 |
Gene expression for cell apoptosis | |||||
 Caspase-3 | 0.91 | 1.03 | 0.87 | 0.06 | 0.549 |
 Caspase-8 | 0.64c | 1.01a | 0.80b | 0.05 | 0.002 |
 Bcl-2 | 0.65b | 1.05ab | 1.17a | 0.09 | 0.042 |
 Bad | 0.55b | 1.01a | 0.74b | 0.06 | 0.002 |