Fig. 3

Alterations in fecal metabolome profiles between normal return and non-return sows. Volcano plots identifying the differential fecal metabolites by widely targeted metabolome (A) and lipidome (B), only the metabolites with FDR less than 0.05 and the absolute value of log₂ (fold change) greater than 1 are colored, red represents the metabolites enriched in non-return sows and blue represents those metabolites enriched in normal sows. C OPLS-DA diagram of fecal metabolome profile shows that metabolite profiles in feces samples of normal sows were clearly separated from that of non-return sows. Boxplots show differential metabolite modules between normal return and non-return sows. D Student's t-test identified a total of 21 differential lipid molecule modules. ^*FDR < 0.05, ^**FDR < 0.01, and ^***FDR < 0.001