Table 3 Ethogram of activity, foraging, feather caring and aggressive behaviors (adapted from Veldkamp and van Nieken [20], Riber and Mench [26], Jones and Dawkins [27], O’Driscoll and Broom [28])
Behaviour category | Behaviour | Event | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Activity | Rest | State | Laying down sleeping or without activity |
Stand | State | Standing without activity | |
Walk | State | Walking, running, or trotting | |
Foraging | Eat | State | Pecking the feeder (other than insect tray) |
Drink | State | Pecking the bell drinker | |
Eat insects | State | Pecking the insects | |
Peck object | State | Pecking objects other than feed or water | |
Feather caring | Preen | State | Arranging feathers with the beak |
Shake | Point | Rapid shaking of the head, body, or tail | |
Stretch | Point | Stretching movements of neck, wings, or legs | |
Flap wings | Point | Beating the air with the wings | |
Aggressive | Attack | Point | Pecking a conspecific |