Rumen microbial degradation of bromoform from red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) and the impact on rumen fermentation and methanogenic archaea

Table 3 Effect of the inclusion rate (R) of Asparagopsis taxiformis and the type of diet (D) on rumen fermentation parameters at 72 h of incubation (Exp. 1)

	HC		HF		SEM	P-value
	CTL	AT	CTL	AT	SEM	R	D	R × D
Total VFA, mmol/L	82.2	80.1	78.0	72.8	4.580	0.446	0.243	0.745
VFA, mol/100 mol
Acetate	62.9	52.4	66.7	56.0	0.347	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.886
Propionate	21.3	28.6	19.2	27.5	0.366	< 0.001	0.001	0.218
Butyrate	9.07	12.13	8.35	10.7	0.310	< 0.001	0.008	0.314
Isobutyrate	1.75	1.83	1.57	1.40	0.100	0.631	0.015	0.241
Isovalerate	2.85	2.38	2.45	2.05	0.208	0.065	0.115	0.866
Valerate	2.05	2.63	1.78	2.32	0.103	< 0.001	0.021	0.898
A:P	2.96^b	1.84^c	3.49^a	2.05^c	0.038	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.003

HC High-concentrate diet, HF High-forage diet, CTL Control (Asparagopsis taxiformis at 0 DM), AT Asparagopsis taxiformis at 2% DM, SEM Standard error of the mean, VFA Volatile fatty acids, A:P Acetate:propionate ratio
^a−cValues within a row with different superscripts differ significantly at P < 0.05 due to R × D interaction

ISSN: 2049-1891