Table 2 Comprehensive summary of the existing literature on the relationship between valine and performance in swine
From: The biological functions and metabolic pathways of valine in swine
Nutrition treatment | Category | Breed | Experiment period/ages | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
70% SID valine/lysine ratio | Post-weaned piglets | Pietrain × (Large White × Landrace) | 43-day-old to 64-day-old | Improving ADFI and ADG | [24] |
67%–75% SID valine/lysine ratio | Post-weaning piglets | (Great Yorkshire × Pietrain) × Dalland | 34-day-old to 72-day-old | Increasing body weight gain feed intake | [79] |
68% SID valine/lysine ratio | Post-weaned piglets | (Duroc × Landrace) × Pietrain | 31-day-old to 73-day-old | Improving the piglet weight gain and feed intake | [80] |
66% SID valine/lysine ratio | Weaned piglets | Crossbred piglets | 31-day-old to 65-day-old | Getting optimal ADG | [82] |
65% SID valine/lysine ratio | Weaned piglets | Duroc × Landrace × Large White | 14-day experimental period | Increasing ADFI, ADG and FCR; decreasing plasma urea nitrogen, CCK and POMC expression | [138] |
0.31% dietary valine | Weaned piglets | Duroc sire line and Large White × Landrace dam | 35-day experimental period | Restoring the reduced transcript of IGF-1; improving gut morphology | [149] |
0.44% dietary valine | Weaned piglets | Duroc sire line and Large White × Landrace dam | 21-day-old to 56-day-old | Improving ADFI; increasing the abundance of Mogibacterium in colon | [150] |
69% SID valine/lysine ratio | Growing pigs | No data | No data | Increasing ADG by 5% | [151] |
11.25 g/d valine | Finishing pigs | Approximately 75% Large White × Landrace and 25% Duroc × Hampshire | 14-day experimental period | Increasing weight gain and feed efficiency | [152] |
88% SID valine/lysine ratio | Lactating sows | Large White × Landrace | From d 107 of gestation to d 28 of lactation | Increasing the concentrations of all the amino acids in sow colostrum; having a tendency to increase IgM in sow colostrum; increasing ADG of piglets | [153] |
Dietary valine concentration of 6.5Â g/kg | Lactation sows | German Landrace | From d 84 of gestation to d 35 of lactation | Increasing feed intake and milk yield of sows and growth performance of piglets | [154] |
0.68% dietary valine | Lactating sows | Landrace × Yorkshire | A 21-day lactation | Maximizing total solids production and protein production | [155] |
0.85% dietary valine | Lactation sows (particularly nursing large litters) | German Landrace | Farrowing to d 35 of lactation | Increasing amino acid concentrations in milk; decreasing urea concentrations in blood plasma | [156] |
Valine: lysine ratio of 100% | Sows weaned fewer than 10 pigs | Large White × Landrace × Yorkshire | No data | Increasing litter weight gain | [157] |
Above 1.15% of the diet (72 g/d of valine intake) | High-producing sows (21-day litter weights > 60 kg) | Large White × Landrace or Large White × Chester White × Landrace | Approximately d 110 of gestation to d 26 of weaning | Increasing litter weaning weight and litter weight gain | [158] |
Total valine:lysine = 0.93:1 (18.33 g/d from d 75 to 90 of gestation; 21.49 g/d from d 91 to farrowing) | Gilts | Yorkshire × Landrace | From d 75 of gestation to d 21 of lactation | Increasing the concentration of milk fat and proportion of total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids | [159] |