Fig. 9

Roles of BPA, Tm, together with 4-PBA in ERS and autophagy levels within OTCs at 24 h. A ERS-associated gene levels. B Typical immunoblots for ERS-associated proteins. C ERS-associated protein levels. D Autophagy-associated gene levels. E Typical immunoblots showing autophagy-associated proteins. F Autophagy-associated protein levels. Data are presented as means ± SEM, n = 6. Means with no common letter are different (P < 0.05). ATF, activating transcription factor; BPA group, OTCs treated with 400 μmol/L bisphenol A (BPA); BPA + Tm, OTCs treated with 400 μmol/L BPA + 0.5 μg/mL tunicamycin (Tm; ERS activator); BPA + 4-PBA, OTCs treated with 400 μmol/L BPA + 1 μmol/L 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA; ERS antagonist); CON, OTCs treated with DMEM/F12 complete medium; CHOP10, C/EBP homologous protein 10; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress; GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78; LC3, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3; OTCs, ovine trophoblast cells; PINK1, PTEN induced putative kinase 1; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1