Fig. 3

Changes in mitochondrial ROS generation, ΔΨm, the activity of the mitochondrial complex, along with ATP levels within OTCs after exposure to BPA, Tm, and 4-PBA for 24 h. A The generation of ROS, ΔΨm, and content of ATP. B The activity of the mitochondrial complex. Data are presented as means ± SEM, n = 6. Means with no common letter are different (P < 0.05). ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BPA group, OTCs treated with 400 μmol/L bisphenol A (BPA); BPA + Tm, OTCs treated with 400 μmol/L BPA + 0.5 μg/mL tunicamycin (Tm; ERS activator); BPA + 4-PBA, OTCs treated with 400 μmol/L BPA + 1 μmol/L 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA; ERS antagonist); CON, OTCs treated with DMEM/F12 complete medium; ΔΨm, mitochondrial membrane potential change; OTCs, ovine trophoblast cells; ROS, reactive oxygen species