The type of lipid supplement has crucial implications for forage particle size in calf starter diets

Panahiha, Pedram; Mirzaei-Alamouti, Hamidreza; Kazemi-Bonchenari, Mehdi; Poorhamdollah, Mehdi; Vazirigohar, Mina; Aschenbach, Jörg R.

doi:10.1186/s40104-023-00913-5

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Table 2 Least square means for starter intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and nutrient digestibility in dairy calves fed different alfalfa particle sizes (small particles vs. long particles) and lipid supplements (soybean oil and palm fatty acids) (n = 13 calves per treatment)

From: The type of lipid supplement has crucial implications for forage particle size in calf starter diets

Item	Treatments¹				SEM	P-value²
	SP		LP			FPS	Lipid	FPS × Lipid	T	FPS × T	Lipid × T	FPS × Lipid × T
	SBO	PLF	SBO	PLF		FPS	Lipid	FPS × Lipid	T	FPS × T	Lipid × T	FPS × Lipid × T
Starter feed intake, g/d
Pre-weaning (d 3–53)	435^b^,BC	573^ab,BC	336^c^,C	606^a^,B	34.7	0.33	0.001	0.048
Post-weaning (d 54–73)	2,265^A	2,259^A	2,307^A	2,438^A	90.1	0.14	0.33	0.31
Entire period (d 3–73)	958	1,056	899	1,142	97.2	0.88	0.72	0.44	0.003	0.006	0.002	0.007
Milk intake, g/d	676	673	671	675	23.4	0.99	0.98	0.97
Total dry matter intake (milk + starter), g/d	1,112	1,249	1,011	1,281	41.3	0.41	0.001	0.11
Average daily gain, g/d
Pre-weaning (d 3–53)	451^C	540^BC	436^C	624^B	34.2	0.25	0.004	0.093
Post-weaning (d 54–73)	728^b^,AB	778^b^,AB	658^c^,B	839^a^,A	38.8	0.89	0.012	0.037
Entire period (d 3–73)	530^b	608^b	499^c	685^a	29.6	0.37	0.008	0.026	0.001	0.003	0.002	0.002
Body weight
Initial (d 3)	41.1^F	40.9^F	41.7^F	41.2^F	1.30	0.66	0.75	0.91
Weaning (d 53)	63.2^E	67.4^E	63.5^E	72.4^DE	1.81	0.12	0.003	0.072
Final (d 73)	78.1^b,BC	82.9^b,B	76.2^c,CD	89.2^a,A	1.96	0.14	0.001	0.014	0.004	0.009	0.005	0.003
Feed efficiency³
Pre-weaning (d 3–53)	0.402^AB	0.431^AB	0.429^AB	0.486^A	0.0357	0.10	0.047	0.51
Post-weaning (d 54–73)	0.338^BC	0.354^B	0.302^C	0.339^BC	0.0413	0.22	0.202	0.62
Entire period (d 3–73)	0.384	0.409	0.393	0.445	0.0449	0.21	0.029	0.45	0.006	0.046	0.001	0.001
Fecal score
Pre-weaning (d 3–53)	2.0^A	1.6^B	1.8^AB	1.6^AB	0.54	0.13	0.001	0.43
Post-weaning (d 54–73)	1.3^C	1.3^C	1.4^BC	1.4^BC	0.39	0.47	0.97	0.85
Entire period (d 3–73)	1.9	1.5	1.8	1.5	0.48	0.32	0.004	0.45	0.001	0.081	0.023	0.008
Nutrient digestibility, %
Organic matter	70.4^b	71.3^ab	66.8^c	75.9^a	1.83	0.72	0.026	0.006
Ether extract	84.6	86.0	85.5	86.1	1.31	0.71	0.38	0.66
Neutral detergent fiber	42.4^ab	39.1^b	32.5^c	49.9^a	1.84	0.90	0.034	0.042
Crude protein	56.6	62.9	68.5	65.3	1.36	0.46	0.20	0.97

¹Treatments: alfalfa hay provided as small particle size supplemented with soybean oil (SP-SBO); alfalfa hay provided as small particle size supplemented with palm fatty acids (SP-PLF); alfalfa hay provided as long particle size supplemented with soybean oil (LP-SBO); alfalfa hay provided as long particle size supplemented with palm fatty acids (LP-PLF)
²Statistical comparisons: Forage particle size (FPS) = small versus long particle sizes; Lipid = soybean oil versus palm fatty acids; FPS × Lipid = interaction between alfalfa hay particle sizes and supplemental lipid; T = time; FPS × T = forage particle size × time; Lipid × T = lipid source × time; FBS × Lipid × T = forage particle size × lipid source × time
³kg of body weight/kg of total dry matter intake
^a−cDifferent small letters indicate differences of a variable within one period (interaction FPS × Lipid; P ≤ 0.05)
^A−FDifferent capital letters indicate differences of a variable across periods (interaction FPS × Lipid × T; P ≤ 0.05)

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ISSN: 2049-1891

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