Evaluation of Holstein cows with different tongue-rolling frequencies: stress immunity, rumen environment and general behavioural activity

Table 3 Differences in serum immunity and inflammatory indicators among four group cows

Items	Experimental treatments¹				SEM²	P-value
Items	HT	MT	LT	CON	SEM²	P-value
IgA, μg/mL	621.296^b	676.315^a	631.422^b	625.498^b	10.609	0.008
IgG, mg/mL	19.951^b	21.161^b	20.552^b	23.062^a	0.483	0.013
IgM, mg/mL	5.382	5.603	5.422	5.676	0.105	0.278
Total protein, g/L	78.513	75.118	76.263	71.046	2.409	0.202
Albumin, g/L	28.272^b	30.323^ab	29.780^b	33.814^a	1.354	0.049
IL–6, ng/L	434.009	461.247	444.857	423.928	14.562	0.273
Il–10, pg/mL	24.276	25.123	25.631	23.053	0.627	0.652
AST, U/L	96.362	83.068	105.550	84.327	9.836	0.344
ALT, U/L	28.763	26.670	28.360	31.383	2.443	0.600
AST/ALT	3.361	3.135	3.759	2.736	0.300	0.141
ALP, U/L	54.990	46.710	52.343	48.392	3.805	0.425
LDH, U/L	1,148.382	1,100.962	1,144.188	990.893	59.743	0.454
CK, U/L	157.000	100.500	114.800	88.333	23.312	0.281

IgA Immunoglobulin A, IgG Immunoglobulin G, and IgM Immunoglobulin M, IL-6 Interleukin 6, IL-10 Interleukin 10, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, ALB Albumin, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, CK Creatine kinase
¹HT High frequency tongue rolling cows, MT Medium frequency tongue rolling cows, LT Low frequency tongue rolling cows, CON Control cows, no abnormal oral behaviour
²SEM Standard error of the mean
^a^,^bDifferent superscript within a row means significant different (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 2049-1891